Aminoalkyl glucosamine phosphate compounds and their use as adjuvants and immunoeffectors

ABSTRACT

Aminoalkyl glucosamine phosphate compounds that are adjuvants and immunoeffectors are described and claimed. The compounds have a 2-deoxy-2-amino glucose in glycosidic linkage with an aminoalkyl (aglycon) group. Compounds are phosphorylated at the 4 or 6 carbon on the glucosamine ring and comprise three 3-alkanoyloxyalkanoyl residues. The compounds augment antibody production in immunized animals as well as stimulate cytokine production and activate macrophages. Methods for using the compounds as adjuvants and immunoeffectors are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity are the two major branches of the mammalian immune response. Humoral immunity involves the generation of antibodies to foreign antigens. Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes. Cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T-lymphocytes which either act upon infected cells bearing foreign antigens or stimulate other cells to act upon infected cells. Both branches of the mammalian immune system are important in fighting disease. Humoral immunity is the major line of defense against bacterial pathogens. In the case of viral disease, the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) appears to be crucial for protective immunity. An effective vaccine stimulates both branches of the immune system to protect against disease.

Vaccines present foreign antigens from disease causing agents to a host so that the host can mount a protective immune response. Often vaccine antigens are killed or attenuated forms of the microbes which cause the disease. The presence of non-essential components and antigens in these killed or attenuated vaccines has encouraged considerable efforts to refine vaccine components including developing well-defined synthetic antigens using chemical and recombinant techniques. The refinement and simplification of microbial vaccines, however, has led to a concomitant loss in potency. Low-molecular weight synthetic antigens, though devoid of potentially harmful contaminants, are themselves not very immunogenic. These observations have led investigators to add adjuvants to vaccine compositions to potentiate the activity of the refined vaccine components.

Presently, the only adjuvant licensed for human use in the United States is alum, a group of aluminum salts (e.g., aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate) in which vaccine antigens are formulated. Particulate carriers like alum serve to promote the uptake, processing and presentation of soluble antigens by macrophages. Alum, however, is not without side-effects and enhances humoral (antibody) immunity only.

An effective adjuvant potentiates both a humoral and cellular immune response in vaccinated animals. Further, an adjuvant must enhance a host's natural immune response and not aggravate the host system. A well-defined synthetic adjuvant free from extraneous matter which is stable and easy to manufacture would provide these qualities. Compounds that have been prepared and tested for adjuvanticity (Shimizu et al. 1985, Bulusu et al. 1992, Ikeda et al. 1993, Shimizu et al. 1994, Shimizu et al. 1995, Miyajima et al. 1996), however, often display toxic properties, are unstable and/or have unsubstantial immunostimulatory effects.

The discovery and development of effective adjuvants is essential for improving the efficacy and safety of existing vaccines. Adjuvants impart synthetic peptides and carbohydrate antigens with sufficient immunogenicity to insure the success of the synthetic vaccine approach. There remains a need for new compounds having potent immunomodulating effects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of the subject invention are aminoalkyl glucosamine phosphate compounds (AGPs) which are adjuvants and immunoeffectors. An aminoalkyl (aglycon) group is glycosidically linked to a 2-deoxy-2-amino-α-D-glucopyranose (glucosamine) to form the basic structure of the claimed molecules. The compounds are phosphorylated at the 4 or 6 carbon on the glucosamine ring. Further, the compounds possess three 3-alkanoyloxyalkanoyl residues.

The compounds of the subject invention are immunoeffector molecules augmenting antibody production in immunized animals, stimulating cytokine production and activating macrophages. In accordance with the subject invention, methods for using these compounds as adjuvants and immunoeffectors are disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of the subject invention are adjuvant and immunoeffector molecules which are aminoalkyl glucosamine phosphates (AGPs). The compounds comprise a 2-deoxy-2-amino-α-D-glucopyranose (glucosamine) in glycosidic linkage with an aminoalkyl (aglycon) group. Compounds are phosphorylated at the 4 or 6 carbon on the glucosamine ring and have three alkanoyloxyalkanoyl residues. The compounds of the subject invention are described generally by Formula I, ##STR1## wherein X represents an oxygen or sulfur atom, Y represents an oxygen atom or NH group, "n", "m", "p" and "q" are integers from 0 to 6, R₁, R₂, and R₃ represent normal fatty acyl residues having 7 to 16 carbon atoms, R₄ and R₅ are hydrogen or methyl, R₆ and R₇ are hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, phosphono, phosphonooxy, sulfo, sulfooxy, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, formyl or carboxy and esters and amides thereof; R₈ and R₉ are phosphono or hydrogen. The configuration of the 3' stereogenic centers to which the normal fatty acyl residues are attached is R or S, but preferably R. The stereochemistry of the carbon atoms to which R₄ or R₅ are attached can be R or S. All stereoisomers, both enantiomers and diastereomers, and mixtures thereof, are considered to fall within the scope of the subject invention.

The heteroatom X of the compounds of the subject invention can be oxygen or sulfur. In a preferred embodiment, X is oxygen. Although the stability of the molecules could be effected by a substitution at X, the immunomodulating activity of molecules with these substitutions is not expected to change.

The number of carbon atoms between heteroatom X and the aglycon nitrogen atom is determined by variables "n" and "m". Variables "n" and "m" can be integers from 0 to 6. In a preferred embodiment, the total number of carbon atoms between heteroatom X and the aglycon nitrogen atom is from about 2 to about 6 and most preferably from about 2 to about 4.

The compounds of the subject invention are aminoalkyl glucosamine compounds which are phosphorylated. Compounds can be phosphorylated at position 4 or 6 (R₈ or R₉) on the glucosamine ring and are most effective if phosphorylated on at least one of these positions. In a preferred embodiment, R₈ is phosphono and R₉ is hydrogen.

The compounds of the subject invention are hexaacylated, that is they contain a total of six fatty acid residues. The aminoalkyl glucosamine moiety is acylated at the 2-amino and 3-hydroxyl groups of the glucosamine unit and at the amino group of the aglycon unit with 3-hydroxyalkanoyl residues. In Formula I, these three positions are acylated with 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl moieties. The 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues are, in turn, substituted with normal fatty acids (R₁ -R₃), providing three 3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoyl residues or six fatty acid groups in total.

The chain length of normal fatty acids R₁ -R₃ can be from about 7 to about 16 carbons. Preferably, R₁ -R₃ are from about 9 to about 14 carbons. The chain lengths of these normal fatty acids can be the same or different. Although, only normal fatty acids are described, it is expected that unsaturated fatty acids (i.e. fatty acid moieties having double or triple bonds) substituted at R₁ -R₃ on the compounds of the subject invention would produce biologically active molecules. Further, slight modifications in the chain length of the 3-hydroxyalkanoyl residues are not expected to dramatically effect biological activity.

The compounds of the subject invention are adjuvants and immunoeffectors which enhance the generation of antibody in immunized animals, stimulate the production of cytokines and stimulate a cell-mediated immune response including a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. In methods for effecting the immune response of an individual, the compounds of the subject invention can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for injection or ingestion. As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" means a medium which does not interfere with the immunomodulatory activity of the active ingredient and is not toxic to the patient to whom it is administered. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, aqueous compositions, liposomes, microbeads and microsomes.

Formulations of the compounds of the subject invention that can be administered parenterally, i.e. intraperitoneally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly include the following preferred carriers. Examples of preferred carriers for subcutaneous use include a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and 0.01-0.1% triethanolamine in USP Water for Injection. Suitable carriers for intramuscular injection include 10% USP ethanol, 40% propylene glycol and the balance an acceptable isotonic solution such as 5% dextrose.

Examples of preferred carriers for intravenous use include 10% USP ethanol, 40% USP propylene glycol and the balance USP Water for Injection. Another acceptable carrier includes 10% USP ethanol and USP Water for Injection; yet another acceptable carrier is 0.01-0.1% triethanolamine in USP Water for Injection. Pharmaceutically acceptable parenteral solvents are such as to provide a solution or dispersion may be filtered through a 5 micron filter without removing the active ingredient.

Examples of carriers for administration via mucosal surfaces depend upon the particular route. When administered orally, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharide, cellulose, magnesium carbonate and the like, with mannitol being preferred. When administered intranasally, polyethylene glycol or glycols, sucrose, and/or methylcellulose, and preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride, EDTA, may be used, with polyethylene glycols being preferred, and when administered by inhalation, suitable carriers are polyethylene glycol or glycols, methylcellulose, dispensing agents, and preservatives, with polyethylene glycols being preferred.

The compounds of the subject invention are administered to an individual in "an effective amount" to effect or enhance the individual's immune response. As used herein, "an effective amount" is that amount which shows a response over and above the vehicle or negative controls. The precise dosage of the compounds of the subject invention to be administered to a patient will depend upon the particular AGP used, the route of administration, the pharmaceutical composition, and the patient. For example, when administered subcutaneously to enhance an antibody response, the amount of AGP used is from 1 to about 250 micrograms, preferably from about 25 to about 50 micrograms based upon administration to a typical 70 kg adult patient.

In vaccine compositions, the AGPs of the subject invention are administered to a warm-blooded animal, including humans, with an antigen. The amount of antigen administered to elicit a desired response can be readily determined by one skilled in the art and will vary with the type of antigen administered, route of administration and immunization schedule. For example, 0.2 μg of tetanus toxoid administered with the claimed compounds subcutaneously to a mouse in two immunization 21 days apart elicited a humoral immune response to that antigen.

The compounds of the subject invention are synthesized by coupling an N-acyloxyacylated or N-protected aminoalkanol or aminoalkanethiol (aglycon unit) with a suitably protected and/or 3-O-acyloxyacylated glucosamine unit. In one preferred method for preparing the compounds of the subject invention (Scheme 1), an N-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc))-protected glycosyl halide 1 (Z=F, Cl, Br) is coupled with an N-[(R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoyl]aminoalkanol or thiol 2 (possessing R₆ and R₇ in suitably protected form) via a Koenigs-Knorr type reaction in the presence of mercury or silver salts to give glycoside intermediate 3. Preferably, the glucosamine unit 1 possesses an anomeric chloride atom (Z=Cl), and the coupling catalyst is silver trifluoromethanesulfonate. Intermediate 3 can also be prepared by coupling the aglycon unit 2 with an N-Troc-protected glycosyl acetate (Z=OAc) or related activated derivative in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride etherate. By "activated" is meant having an appropriate displaceable leaving group "Z" attached to the anomeric center of the glucosamine unit. Glucosamine unit 1 bears an (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoyl residue on the 3-position, and suitable protecting groups on the 6-hydroxyl and 4-phosphate moieties. Typical protecting groups for the phosphate group include, but are not limited to, phenyl, benzyl, and o-xylyl. The phosphate group is protected preferably with two phenyl groups. The 6-position can be temporarily protected by blocking groups commonly used in sugar chemistry such as silyl, benzyl, or benzyloxymethyl ethers or, alternatively, an alkyl carbonate. The 6-hydroxyl group is protected preferably as a 1,1-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (TCBOC).

The trichloroethyl-based protecting group(s) in the Koenigs-Knorr coupled product 3 are removed with zinc and the glucosamine nitrogen is selectively acylated with a (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoic acid 4 in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent to give the hexaacylated derivative 5. The remaining protecting groups in 5 are then cleaved by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium or platinum catalyst or by other appropriate means to give compounds of Formula (I).

A suitable starting material for the synthesis of glycosyl donor 1 is 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside which can be prepared from commercially available D-glucosamine hydrochloride using published procedures. The conversion of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl glycoside starting material to glycosyl donor 1 can be achieved by methods known in the art or modifications thereof which are described herein. The aglycon unit 2 can be prepared by N-acyloxyacylation of commercially available starting materials with an appropriate (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoic acid 4, or N-acyloxyacylation of starting materials that can be obtained by known methods in the chemical literature. Alternatively, the N-acyloxyacyl residue in 2 can be substituted with an appropriate amine protecting group which is removed subsequent to the coupling reaction such as is described in the second preferred embodiment below.

In a second preferred method for preparing the compounds of the subject invention (Scheme 2), introduction of the (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoyl and phosphate groups into the glucosamine and aglycon units is performed subsequent to the glycosylation (coupling) reaction using N- and O-protecting groups suitable for the chemical differentiation of the amino and hydroxyl groups present. Preferably, the N-Troc-protected glycosyl donor 6 is coupled with an N-allyloxycarbonyl (AOC)-protected aminoalkanol or thiol 7 in the presence of an appropriate catalyst aminoalkyl β-glycoside 8. Most preferably, the glycosyl donor 6 possesses an anomeric acetoxy group (Z=OAc), and the coupling catalyst is boron trifluoride etherate. Other N-protecting groups for the aglycon amino group include, but are not limited to, commonly employed carbamates obvious to one skilled in the art such as t-butyl (t-BOC), benzyl (Cbz), 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (Troc), and 9-fluorenylmethyl(Fmoc).

Base-induced cleavage of the acetate groups in coupling product 8 and 4,6-acetonide formation under standard conditions known in the art gives intermediate 9. 3-O-Acylation of 9 with (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoic acid 4, followed by palladium(0)-mediated removal of the aglycon N-AOC group and N-acylation with (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoic acid 4 provides intermediate 10. Acetonide hydrolysis and functionalization of the 4- and 6-positions as described herein for the preparation of glycosyl donor 1 gives intermediate 3 (Y=O) which is then processed as in Scheme 1 to afford compounds of general Formula (I).

The present invention is further described by way of the following non-limiting Examples and Test Examples which are given for illustrative purposes only. It is important to note that the introduction of the (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups and the phosphate group(s) into the glucosamine and aglycon units do not necessarily have to be performed in the order shown in Schemes 1 and 2 or described in the Examples shown below. ##STR2##

Examples 1-29 describe methods of making the AGP compounds of the subject invention. Test Examples 1-7 describe assays conducted to the determine the immunogenicity of these compounds. Table 1 lists the chemical composition and experimental reference numbers for each compound in these examples.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Example                                                                               Ref. No. R.sub.1 -R.sub.3                                                                         n   p   R.sub.6                                                                              q    R.sub.7                           ______________________________________                                          1     --       --        --  --  --    --   --                                 2     B1*      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   1   OH    0    H                                  3     B2**     n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   1   OH    0    H                                  4     B3       n-C.sub.11 H.sub.23 CO                                                                   0   1   OH    0    H                                  5     B4       n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 CO                                                                   0   1   OH    0    H                                  6     B5       n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   1   OH    0    H                                  7     B6***    n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   1   OH    0    H                                  8     B7       n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 CO                                                                    0   1   OH    0    H                                  9     B8       n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13 CO                                                                    0   1   OH    0    H                                 10     B9       n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    1   1   OH    0    H                                 11     B10      n-C.sub.4 H.sub.19 C0                                                                    0   2   OH    0    H                                 12     B11      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 13     B12      n-C.sub.11 H.sub.23 CO                                                                   0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 14     B13      n-C.sub.10 H.sub.21 CO                                                                   0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 15     B14**    n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 16     B15*     n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 17     B16      n-C.sub.8 H.sub.17 CO                                                                    0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 18     B17      n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15 CO                                                                    0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 19     B18      n-C.sub.6 H.sub.13 CO                                                                    0   0   CO.sub.2 H                                                                           0    H                                 20     B19      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   0   H     0    H                                 21     B20      n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   0   H     0    H                                 22     B21      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   1   0   H     0    H                                 23     B22      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   2   0   H     0    H                                 24     B23      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   4   0   H     0    H                                 25     B24      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   0   CONH.sub.2                                                                           0    H                                 26     B25      n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    0   0   CONH.sub.2                                                                           0    H                                 27     B26      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   0   CO.sub.2 Me                                                                          0    H                                 28     B27      n-C.sub.13 H.sub.27 CO                                                                   0   0   H     1    CO.sub.2 H                        29     B28      n-C.sub.9 H.sub.19 CO                                                                    1   0   H     1    CO.sub.2 H                        ______________________________________                                          For all Examples shown: X = Y = O; R.sub.4 = R.sub.5 = H; m = 0; R.sub.8       phosphone; R.sub.9 = H.                                                        *the stereochemistry of the carbon atom to which R.sub.5 is attached is S      **the stereochemistry of the carbon atom to which R.sub.5 is attached is       R.                                                                             ***R.sub.8 is H and R.sub.9 is phosphono.                                

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of (R)-3-n-alkanoyloxytetradecanoic acids (4).

(1) A solution of methyl 3-oxotetradecanoate (19 g, 0.074 mol) in MeOH (100 mL) was degassed by sparging with argon (15 min). [(R)-Ru(Binap)Cl]₂.NEt₃ catalyst (0.187 g, 0.111 mmol) and 2 N aqueous HCl (0.5 mL) were added and the resulting mixture was hydrogenated at 60 psig and 40-50° C. for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with hexanes (250 mL), filtered through a short column of silica gel, and concentrated. The crude product was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF; 200 mL), treated 2.4 N aqueous LiOH (83 mL, 0.2 mol) and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 4 h. The resulting slurry was partitioned between ether (200 mL) and 1 N aqueous HCl (200 mL) and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (100 mL) and the combined ethereal extracts were dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated. The crude hydroxy acid was dissolved in hot acetonitrile (250 mL), treated with dicyclohexylamine (DCHA; 17 mL, 0.085 mol) and stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The product that crystallized upon cooling was collected and recrystallized from acetonitrile (650 mL) to yield 28.6 g (91%) of dicyclohexylammonium (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoate as a colorless solid: mp 94-95° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (˜t, 3 H, J˜6.5 Hz), 1.05-1.58 (m, 24 H), 1.65 (m, 2 H), 1.80 (m, 4 H), 2.01 (br d, 4 H) 2.18 (dd, 1 H, J=15.7, 9.4 Hz), 2.36 (dd, 1 H, J=15.7, 2.6 Hz), 2.94 (m, 2 H), 3.84 (m, 1 H).

(2) To a mixture of the compound prepared in (1) above (50 g, 0.117 mol) and 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone (39 g, 0.14 mol) in EtOAc (2.3 L) was added triethylamine (19.6 mL, 0.14 mol) and the resulting solution was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. The voluminous precipitate that formed was collected and triturated with warm EtOAc (3×400 mL). The combined triturates and filtrate were washed with 1 M aq. HCl, saturated aq. NaCl and dried (Na₂ SO₄). Volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the crude product obtained was crystallized from EtOAc-hexanes to give 47.2 g (91%) of (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid p-bromophenacyl ester as a colorless solid: mp 109-109.5° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (˜t, 3 H, J˜6.5 Hz) 1.15-1.70 (m, 20 H), 2.56 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 9.1 Hz), 2.69 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 2.9 Hz), 3.27 (br s, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 1 H), 5.31 (d, 1 H, J=16.5 Hz), 5.42 (d, 1 H, J=16.5 Hz), 7.65 (d, 2 H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.78 (d, 2 H, J=8.5 Hz).

(3) A solution of the compound prepared in (2) above (4.6 g, 10.4 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (50 mL) containing 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) and pyridine (5 mL, 62 mmol) was treated at room temperature with myristoyl chloride (3.1 mL, 11.4 mmol). After stirring for 5 h at room temperature MeOH (0.5 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between Et₂ O (150 mL) and cold 10% aqueous HCl (50 mL) and the layers separated. The ethereal layer was dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated and the residue obtained was purified on a short pad of silica gel with 5% EtOAc-hexanes. The diester was dissolved in AcOH (42 mL) and treated with three equal portions of zinc dust (˜6 g, 90 mmol) at 60° C. over a 1 h period. After an additional hour at 60° C., the cooled reaction mixture was sonicated (5 min), filtered through Celite® and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 10% EtOAc-hexanes to give 4.17 g (82%) of (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless solid: mp 28-29° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (˜t, 6 H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 38 H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 4 H), 2.28 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.56 (dd, 1 H, J=15.9, 5.8 Hz), 2.63 (dd, 1 H, J=15.9, 7.1 Hz), 5.21 (m, 1 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 1-(3), the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (2.5 g, 5.68 mmol) was acylated with lauroyl chloride (1.45 mL, 6.25 mmol) in the presence of pyridine (0.57 mL, 7.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and then deprotected with zinc (9.3 g, 142 mmol) in AcOH (40 mL) to afford (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.90 (t, 6 H, J=6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 46 H), 2.30 (m, 2 H), 2.62 (m, 2 H), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

(5) A solution of the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (2.5 g, 5.68 mmol) was treated with undecanoic acid (1.16 g, 6.25 mmol) and EDCMeI (2.08 g, 7.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and then deprotected as described in Example 1-(3) with zinc (9.3 g, 142 mmol) in AcOH (40 mL) to afford (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.89 (t, 6 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 44 H), 2.29 (m, 2 H), 2.61 (m, 2 H), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 1-(3), the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (4.4 g, 10 mmol) was acylated with decanoyl chloride (2.3 mL, 11 mmol) in the presence of pyridine (1.2 mL, 15.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (100 mL) and then deprotected with zinc (16.4 g, 250 mmol) in AcOH (60 mL) to afford (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.89 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 34 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.61 (t, 2 H, J=4.2 Hz), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 1-(3), the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (2.5 g, 5.68 mmol) was acylated with nonanoyl chloride (1.13 mL, 6.25 mmol) in the presence of pyridine (0.57 mL, 7.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and then deprotected with zinc (9.3 g, 142 mmol) in AcOH (40 mL) to afford (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.89 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 32 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.61 (m, 2 H), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

(8) In the same manner as described in Example 1-(3), the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (2.5 g, 5.68 mmol) was acylated with octanoyl chloride (1.07 mL, 6.25 mmol) in the presence of pyridine (0.57 mL, 7.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and then deprotected with zinc (9.3 g, 142 mmol) in AcOH (40 mL) to afford (R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.92 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 30 H), 2.32 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.63 (t, 2 H, J=4.4 Hz), 5.23 (m, 1 H).

(9) In the same manner as described in Example 1-(3), the compound prepared in Example 1-(2) (2.5 g, 5.68 mmol) was acylated with heptanoyl chloride (0.97 mL, 6.25 mmol) in the presence of pyridine (0.57 mL, 7.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and then deprotected with zinc (9.3 g, 142 mmol) in AcOH (40 mL) to afford (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.89 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 28 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.61 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

EXAMPLE 2 (B1) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) To a solution of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside (6.46 g, 20.2 mmol) in CHCl₃ (300 mL) was added 1 N aqueous NaHCO₃ (300 mL) and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate (8.5 g, 40 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred vigorously for 3 h at room temperature. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated to give a colorless syrup. Flash chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution, 30→40% EtOAc-hexanes) afforded 9.6 g (96%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidine-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless solid: mp 69-70° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.94 (m, 2 H), 1.44 and 1.52 (2s, 6 H), 2.94 (br s, 1 H), 3.23-3.37 (m, 2 H), 3.48-3.62 (m, 2 H), 3.79 (t, 1 H, J=˜10.5 Hz), 3.88-4.08 (m, 3 H), 4.65 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 4.74 (m, 2 H), 5.39 (d, 1 H, J=7.4 Hz).

(2) A solution of the compound prepared in (1) above (7.5 g, 15.2 mmol), (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (7.58 g, 16.7 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (0.25 g, 1.7 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (95 mL) was treated with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide (EDC-MeI; 4.94 g, 16.7 mmol) and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through a short pad of Celite®, concentrated, and the resulting residue was heated at 60° C. in 90% aqueous AcOH (100 mL) for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated and residual AcOH and water were removed by azeotroping with toluene (2×150 mL). The crude diol was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution, 30→40% EtOAc-hexanes) to give 11.8 g (83%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.9 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 42 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.36-3.72 (m, 4 H), 3.78-4.03 (m, 3 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 4.65 (d, 1 H, J=11 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1 H, J=11 Hz), 5.0-5.15 (m, 2 H), 5.20 (d, 1 H, J=7.4 Hz).

(3) A solution of the compound prepared in (2) above (10.9 g, 12 mmol) and pyridine (2 mL, 25 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (125 mL) at 0° C. was treated dropwise over 15 min with a solution of 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (3.17 g, 13.2 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm slowly to ambient temperature over 3.5 h. 4-Pyrrolidinopyridine (0.89 g, 6.0 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (10.5 mL, 60 mmol) and diphenyl chlorophosphate (3.7 mL, 18 mmol) were added sequentially and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂ Cl₂ (500 mL), washed with cold 7.5% aqueous HCl (2×250 mL), water (250 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (250 mL), dried (Na₂ SO₄), and then concentrated. The residue obtained was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 12.5% EtOAc-hexanes to give 15.1 g (95%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichlorethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a viscous oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.8-1.0 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.65 (m, 42 H), 1.83 and 1.90 (2s, 6 H), 2.15-2.45 (m, 4 H), 3.34 (q, 1 H, J=˜8 Hz), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.81 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (m, 1 H), 4.27 (dd, 1 H, J=12, 5 Hz), 4.34 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.58 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.66 (q, 1 H, J=˜9 Hz), 4.86 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 5.21 (m, 1 H), 5.54-5.70 (m, 2 H), 7.2-7.8 (m, 10 H).

(4) A solution of the compound prepared in (3) above (1.87 g, 1.41 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (3 mL) at 0° C. was treated dropwise over 10 min with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA; 6 mL) and then stirred for 4 h at 0° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated and residual TFA was removed by azeotroping with toluene (2×5 mL). A solution of the lactol and dimethylformamide (2.2 mL, 28.2 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (14 mL) at 0° C. was treated with oxalyl bromide (2.0 M in CH₂ Cl₂ ; 2.1 mL, 4.2 mmol) dropwise over 15 min and the resulting suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between cold saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (25 mL) and ether (50 mL) and the layers were separated. The ethereal layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated to give 1.85 g (˜100%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide as a colorless glass.

(5) A solution of (R)-2-amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol (0.46 g, 2.33 mmol) and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (1.29 g, 2.83 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) was treated with EDC.MeI (0.78 g, 2.79 mmol) and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through a short pad of Celite® and concentrated. Flash chromatography on silica gel with 45% EtOAc-hexanes afforded 1.1 g (69%) of 3-benzyloxy-(R)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propanol as a colorless solid: mp 42-44.5° C.; ¹ H NMR δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 42 H), 2.50 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.46 (m, 2 H), 3.56 (br s, 1 H), 3.5-3.75 (m, 3 H), 3.78 (dd, 1 H, J=11, 4 Hz), 4.08 (m, 1 H), 4.51 (s, 2 H), 5.17 (m, 1 H), 6.36 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.2-7.4 (m, 5 H).

(6) To a solution of the compound prepared in (4) above (1.00 g, 0.776 mmol) and the compound prepared in (5) above (0.35 g, 0.57 mmol) in dichloroethane (4.5 mL) was added powdered 4 Å molecular sieves (1.25 g) and calcium sulfate (2.7 g, 20 mmol). After stirring for 10 min at room temperature, the mixture was treated with mercury cyanide (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) and then heated to reflux for 12 h shielded from light. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) and filtered through a pad of Celite®. The filtrate was washed with 1 N aqueous KI (25 mL), dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel with EtOAc-hexanes-MeOH (80:20:0→70:30:1, gradient elution) to give 0.66 g (63%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.65 (m, 84 H), 1.79 and 1.86 (2s, 6 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.35-3.55 (m, 3 H), 3.65-3.8 (m, 3 H), 4.1-4.75 (m, 9 H), 5.05-5.3 (m, 2 H), 5.3-5.5 (m, 2 H), 6.04 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(7) A stirred solution of the compound prepared in (6) above (0.60 g, 0.328 mmol) in AcOH (9 mL) at 55° C. was treated with zinc dust (1.1 g, 16 mmol) in three equal portions over 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was sonicated, filtered through a bed of Celite® and concentrated. The resulting residue was partitioned between CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) and cold 1 N aqueous HCl (35 mL) and the layers separated. The organic layer was washed with 5% aqueous NaHCO₃, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated. A mixture of the residue obtained and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.18 g, 0.39 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (3.5 mL) was stirred with powdered 4 Å molecular sieves (0.1 g) for 30 min at room temperature and then treated with 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ; 0.12 g, 0.49 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 6 h at room temperature, filtered through Celite® and then concentrated. Chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution, 0.5→1% MeOH--CHCl₃) afforded 0.31 g (50%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.8 (m, 126 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 12 H), 3.35-3.75 (m, 6 H), 3.80 (m, 2 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.5 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.65 (q, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 4.82 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 3 H), 5.47 (t, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 6.16 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 6.31 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 15 H).

(8) A solution of the compound prepared in (7) above (0.26 g, 0.138 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was hydrogenated in the presence of 5% palladium on carbon (50 mg) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 16 h. After removal of the catalyst by filtration, AcOH (3 mL) and platinum oxide (0.14 g) were added and the hydrogenation was continued at room temperature and 75 psig for 24 h. The resulting opalescent reaction mixture was diluted with 2:1 CHCl₃ --MeOH (20 mL) and sonicated briefly to give a clear solution. The catalyst was collected, washed with 2:1 CHCl₃ --MeOH (2×5 mL) and the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 1% aqueous triethylamine (10 mL) by sonicating for 5 min at 35° C. and the resulting solution was lyophilized. Flash chromatography on silica gel with chloroform-methanol-water-triethylamine (94:6:0.5:0.5→88:12:1.0:1.0, gradient elution) afforded 0.20 g (84%) of product as a colorless powder. A portion of the chromatography product (0.166 g) was dissolved in cold 2:1 CHCl₃ --MeOH (33 mL) and washed with cold 0.1 N aqueous HCl (14 mL). The lower organic layer was filtered and concentrated and the free acid obtained was lyophilized from 1% aqueous triethylamine (pyrogen free, 15 mL) to give 0.160 g of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a colorless solid: mp 178-180° C. (dec); IR (film) 3293, 3103, 2959, 2924, 2855, 1732, 1654, 1640, 1553, 1467, 1377, 1259, 1175, 1106, 1086, 1050, 803, 720 cm⁻¹ ; HMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜7 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.15-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.02 (q, 6 H, J=7 Hz), 3.35-4.1 (m, 7 H), 4.22 (q, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 5.05-5.35 (m, 4 H), 6.58 (d, 1 H, J=6 Hz), 6.73 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz, NH); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.5, 173.2, 170.7, 170.5, 170.0, 100.7, 75.9, 72.7, 71.2, 71.0, 70.8, 70.6, 67.9, 61.7, 60.5, 55.0, 50.4, 45.6, 41.4, 39.5, 34.5, 34.4, 32.0, 31.8, 30.3, 29.8, 29.4, 29.3, 25.3, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₉ H₁₉₂ N₃ O₁₈ P.5 H₂ O: C, 64.84; H, 11.10; N, 2.29; P, 1.69. Found: C, 64.69; H, 11.24; N, 1.93; P, 1.44.

EXAMPLE 3 (B2) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(R)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) A solution of the compound prepared in Example 2-(5) (0.63 g, 1.02 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (7 mL) was treated sequentially with pyridine (0.4 mL, 5 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (cat.) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (0.307 g, 1.23 mmol) and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (25 mL) and dried (Na₂ SO₄). Removal of volatiles in vacuo gave a residue which was dissolved in THF--AcOH (10 mL, 9:1) and hydrogenated in the presence of 5% palladium on carbon (150 mg) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 24 h. After removal of the catalyst by filtration and concentration of the filtrate, the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 35% EtOAc-hexanes to give 0.536 g (72%) of 3-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyloxy)-(S)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propanol as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 42 H), 1.94 (s, 6 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.47 (d, 2 H, J=6 Hz), 3.50 (br s, 1 H), 3.72 (m, 2 H), 4.15-4.35 (m, 3 H), 5.15 (m, 1 H), 6.18 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(6), the compound prepared in (1) above (0.310 g, 0.426 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 2-(4) (0.961 g, 0.745 mmol) were coupled in the presence of mercury cyanide (0.43 g, 1.7 mmol) to give 0.644 g (78%) of 3-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyloxycarbonyloxy)-(S)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 84 H), 1.81 and 1.89 (2s, 6 H), 1.93 (s, 6 H), 2.15-2.55 (m, 8 H), 3.45-3.7 (m, 2 H), 3.80 (br d, 1 H, J=9 Hz), 3.9-4.45 (m, 6 H), 4.6-4.8 (m, 3 H), 4.87 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.0-5.25 (m, 2 H), 5.48 (t, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 6.1-6.3 (m, 2 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (0.602 g, 0.310 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.5 g, 23 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid, (0.17 g, 0.37 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (0.115 g, 0.467 mmol) to give 0.365 g (66%) of 3-hydroxy-(R)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylaminolpropyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 126 H), 2.15-2.55 (m, 12 H), 3.18 (br s, 1 H), 3.45-3.8 (m, 8 H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 2 H), 4.69 (q, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 3 H), 5.42 (t, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 6.42 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.59 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (0.355 g, 0.196 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (175 mg) to give 0.265 g (77%) of 3-hydroxy-(R)-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a colorless solid: mp 159-160° C.; IR (film) 3291, 2956, 2922, 2853, 1738, 1732, 1716, 1650, 1643, 1556, 1468, 1171, 1109, 1083, 1051 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.15-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7 Hz), 3.25-3.45 (m, 2 H), 3.5-4.05 (m, 135 H), 4.19 (q, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 4.48 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.04-5.26 (m, 4 H), 7.18 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.27 (d, 1 H, J=8.7 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.5, 173.4, 170.7, 170.6, 170.1, 101.0, 76.0, 72.6, 71.4, 71.0, 70.8, 70.6, 68.7, 61.8, 60.5, 55.3, 50.5, 45.6, 41.5, 41.4, 39.5, 34.6, 34.4, 34.3, 32.0, 29.8, 29.4, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd for C₉₉ H₁₉₂ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 67.50; H, 11.10; N, 2.39; P, 1.76. Found: C, 67.40; H, 11.22; N, 2.34; P, 2.11.

EXAMPLE 4 (B3) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₁ H₂₃ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) A solution of D-glucosamine hydrochloride (20 g, 92.8 mmol) in H₂ O (250 mL) was treated with a saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (250 mL) and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate (14.05 mL, 102 mmol) and stirred vigorously for 18 h. The white solid that formed was collected on a fritted funnel and dried under vacuum for 24 h. A solution of the solid in pyridine (100 mL) was cooled to 0° C. and treated with acetic anhydride (100 mL) via addition funnel. The solution was stirred for 18 h at room temperature, poured into 1 L of H₂ O and extracted with CHCl₃ (3×500 mL). The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 45 g (quant.) of N-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-.alpha.-D-glucopyranoside which was used without furthur purification: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ2.06 (s, 6 H), 2.12 (s, 3 H), 2.22 (s, 3 H), 4.03 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (d, 1 H, J=12.4 Hz), 4.22 (dt, 1 H, J=9.9, 3.6 Hz), 4.30 (dd, 1 H, J=12.4, 4.0 Hz), 4.64 (d, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 5.28 (dt, 1 H, J=10.2, 9.9 Hz), 6.25 (d, 1 H, J=3.6 Hz).

(2) A solution of (R)-2-amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol (5 g, 27.6 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (250 mL) was treated with allyl chloroformate (3.2 mL, 30 mmol) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (250 mL) for 18 h. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 6.9 g (94%) of (R)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ2.56 (br s, 1 H), 3.69 (m, 3 H), 3.88 (m, 2 H), 4.54 (s, 2 H), 4.58 (d, 2 H, J=5.6 Hz), 5.23 (dd, 1 H, J=10.4, 1.1 Hz), 5.33 (dd, 1 H, J=17.1, 1.1 Hz), 5.42 (m, 1 H), 5.93 (m, 1 H), 7.35 (m, 5 H).

(3) A solution of the compounds prepared in (1) and (2) above (8.9 g, 17 mmol and 3.6 g, 10 mmol, respectively) in CH₂ Cl₂ was treated with boron trifluoride etherate (4.3 mL, 34 mmol) at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aq. NaHCO₃ (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were dreid (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated. The residue obtained was chromatographed with 20% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 6.03 g (83%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ2.02 (s, 3 H), 2.03 (s, 3 H), 2.08 (s, 3 H), 3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.76 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.91 (m, 2 H), 4.12 (d, 1 H, J=12.2 Hz), 4.26 (dd, 1 H, J=12.4, 4.7 Hz), 4.37 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.43 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 4.55 (m, 2 H), 4.68 (m, 2 H), 4.87 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.21 (d, 1 H, J=9.7 Hz), 5.29 (d, 1 H, J=17.3 Hz), 5.91 (m, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(4) A solution of the compound prepared in (3) above (6.0 g, 8.3 mmol) in methanol (83 mL) was treated with ammonium hydroxide (8.3 mL) at room temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and replaced with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (50 mL) and camphorsulfonic acid (100 mg) was added. The reaction was stirred for 18 h, neutralized with solid NaHCO₃ (1 g), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography with 50% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 4.58 g (86%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidine-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ1.46 (s, 3 H), 1.53 (s, 3 H), 2.94 (m, 1 H), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 4 H), 3.83 (m, 3 H), 3.93 (m, 3 H), 4.52 (m, 5 H), 4.68 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 5.07 (m, 1 H), 5.26 (m, 2 H), 5.92 (m, 1 H), 7.37 (m, 5 H).

(5) A solution of the compound prepared in (4) above (1.0 g, 1.56 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) was treated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (730 mg, 1.71 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (560 mg, 1.87 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h and filtered through a 6×8 cm plug of silica gel using 20% EtOAc/hexanes as eluent to afford 1.33 g (82%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 38 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.49 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.61 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.6 Hz), 3.25-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.38 (m, 2 H), 4.54 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 4.97 (m, 2 H), 5.25 (m, 5 H), 5.88 (m, 1 H), 7.34 (m, 5 H).

(6) To a solution of the compound prepared in (5) above (1.31 g, 1.25 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and the solution was degassed in a stream of argon for 30 min. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 5-10% EtOAc/CHCl₃. The free amine obtained was acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (560 mg, 1.38 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (370 mg, 1.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 18 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the resultant oil was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 20% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 1.02 g (63%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 78 H), 1.38 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.26 (m, 4 H), 2.49 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.61 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.6 Hz), 3.25-4.0 (m, 9 H), 5.01 (m, 2 H), 6.02 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.34 (m, 5 H).

(7) The compound prepared in (6) above (1.0 g, 0.78 mmol) was treated with 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL) for 1 h at 60° C. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and residual AcOH and H₂ O were removed by azeotroping with toluene (10 mL). The residue was dissolved in CH₂ Cl₂, cooled to 0° C., and treated with pyridine (0.076 mL, 0.94 mmol) and a solution of 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (205 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (5 mL). The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm and stir at room temperature for 18 h. The resulting light yellow solution was treated with diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.24 mL, 1.17 mmol), triethylamine (0.22 mL, 1.56 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg), and then stirred an additional 24 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂ O (100 mL) and washed with 10% aq. HCl (50 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over Na₂ SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography over silica gel using 10% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 1.13 g (85%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 78 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (d, 1 H, J=6.6 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.64 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.3 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.23 (m, 15 H).

(8) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (7) above (1.1 g, 0.65 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.1 g, 32 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (330 mg, 0.78 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (230 mg, 0.94 mmol) to afford 399 mg (37%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(9) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (8) above (399 mg, 0.24 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 65 mg (16%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 181-184° C. (dec): IR (film) 3306, 2956, 2922, 2852, 1732, 1644, 1549, 1467, 1377, 1164, 1106, 1051, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 123 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.3-4.0 (m, 13 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.44 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.9, 173.5, 173.3, 170.8, 170.5, 170.1, 101.0, 75.5, 73.0, 71.1, 70.9, 70.6, 67.9, 61.6, 60.7, 54.4, 50.4, 45.8, 41.6, 41.4, 39.6, 34.6, 31.9, 29.7, 29.4, 29.3, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₃ H₁₈₀ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 66.59; H, 10.94; N, 2.50; P, 1.85. Found: C, 66.79; H, 10.65; N, 2.36; P, 1.70.

EXAMPLE 5 (B4) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₀ H₂₁ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in Example 4-(4) (1.0 g, 1.56 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (705 mg, 1.71 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (560 mg, 1.87 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) to afford 1.23 g (77%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, =6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 36 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (m, 2 H), 2.52 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.61 (dd, 1 H, =15.5, 6.8 Hz), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.35-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.31 (m, 2 H), 4.54 (m, 2 H), 4.64 (m, 2 H), 5.02 (m, 2 H), 5.18 (m, 2 H), 5.25 (m, 1 H), 5.86 (m, 1 H), 7.34 (m, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (1) above (1.21 g, 1.17 mmol) was deprotected in THF (20 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (540 mg, 1.30 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (370 mg, 1.5 mmol) to afford 921 mg (61%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 72 H), 1.38 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.26 (m, 3 H), 2.38 (m, 5 H), 2.49 (dd, 1 H, J=15.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.61 (dd, 1 H, J=15.0, 6.5 Hz), 3.25-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.30 (m, 2 H), 4.59 (m, 3 H), 6.03 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.34 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (2) above (910 g, 0.71 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL), and then treated with pyridine (0.071 mL, 0.88 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (195 mg, 0.80 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.23 mL, 1.10 mmol), triethylamine (0.20 mL, 1.46 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 1.10 g (89%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 72 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (d, 1 H, J=6.7 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.64 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.6 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22 (m, 15 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.0 g, 0.59 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.0 g, 30 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (292 mg, 0.71 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (210 mg, 0.85 mmol) to afford 388 mg (40%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (4) above (388 mg, 0.24 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 65 mg (17%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 183-184° C.; IR (film) 3306, 2956, 2922, 2852, 1732, 1644, 1550, 1467, 1377, 1164, 1106, 1052, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 117 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.07 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.3-3.9 (m, 13 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.8, 173.5, 173.3, 170.8, 170.5, 170.1, 101.0, 75.5, 73.1, 71.5, 71.3, 70.9, 70.6, 67.8, 61.6, 60.7, 54.4, 50.5, 45.8, 41.5, 41.4, 39.5, 34.6, 34.4, 32.0, 31.2, 29.8, 29.7, 29.4, 28.6, 26.1, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₀ H₁₇₄ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 66.10; H, 10.85; N, 2.57; P, 1.89. Found: C, 66.34; H, 10.69; N, 2.32; P, 1.99.

EXAMPLE 6 (B5) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1 R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in Example 4-(4) (2.0 g, 3.12 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (1.36 g, 3.42 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (1.12 g, 3.74 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (40 mL) to afford 2.49 g (79%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 34 H), 1.36 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.27 (t, 2 H, J=6.9 Hz), 2.48 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.60 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.7 Hz), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.35-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (m, 1 H), 4.52 (m, 4 H), 4.95 (m, 2 H), 5.17 (m, 3 H), 5.88 (m, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (1) above (2.47 g, 2.42 mmol) was deprotected in THF (40 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (2.0 mL, 1.75 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (400 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (1.06 g, 2.66 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (740 mg, 3 mmol) to afford 1.86 g (60%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 68 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.32 (m, 4 H), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.8 Hz), 3.29 (m, 2 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (m, 3 H), 3.93 (m, 1 H), 4.18 (m, 1 H), 4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 5.01 (m, 2 H), 6.04 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (2) above (900 mg, 0.72 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (40 mL), and then treated with pyridine (0.071 mL, 0.88 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (195 mg, 0.80 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.23 mL, 1.10 mmol), triethylamine (0.20 mL, 1.46 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 1.05 g (86%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.3 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (d, 1 H, J=6.5 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.64 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.3 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22 (m, 15 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.0 g, 0.60 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.0 g, 30 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (285 mg, 0.72 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (210 mg, 0.86 mmol) to afford 332 mg (34%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (4) above (332 mg, 0.20 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 173 mg (55%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 179-181° C.; IR (film) 3295, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1732, 1650, 1555, 1467, 1377, 1320, 1169, 1134, 1104, 1051, 979, 801, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.07 (q, 6 H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.3-4.3 (m, 14 H), 4.45 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.39 (m, 1 H), 7.53 (d, 1 H, J=9.1 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.7, 173.4, 173.2, 170.7, 170.5, 170.1, 101.0, 75.4, 73.1, 71.6, 71.1, 70.8, 70.5, 67.8, 61.4, 60.8, 54.3, 50.4, 45.8, 41.3, 39.5, 34.5, 31.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.4, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₇ H₁₆₈ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 65.58; H, 10.75; N, 2.64; P, 1.94. Found: C, 65.49; H, 10.75; N, 2.64; P, 1.97.

EXAMPLE 7 (B6) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-6-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound of R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₈ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₉ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in Example 6-(2) (900 mg, 0.72 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL). The residue was dissolved in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL), cooled to 0° C., and treated with triethylamine (0.14 mL, 1.0 mmol) and diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.17 mL, 0.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred for an additional 6 h, and then quenched with 50 mL of 10% HCl. The product was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL) and dried over Na₂ SO₄. Chromatography on silica gel with 50% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 636 mg (63%) of 3-benzyloxy-(5)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-6-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.79 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (d, 1 H, J=6.5 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.65 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.3 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22 (m, 15 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (1) above (620 g, 0.44 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (722 mg, 11 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (190 mg, 0.48 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (170 mg, 0.58 mmol) to afford 254 mg (36%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-6-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (2) above (254 mg, 0.16 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 34 mg (13%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-3-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 169-171° C.; IR (film) 3306, 2922, 2853, 1732, 1644, 1548, 1467, 1377, 1316, 1165, 1106, 1053, 856, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.05 (m, 6 H), 3.3-3.95 (m, 12 H), 4.11 (m, 1 H), 4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.89 (m, 1 H), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H). ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.8, 173.4, 171.1, 170.5, 101.3, 75.3, 74.9, 71.2, 71.0, 70.6, 68.8, 67.3, 65.1, 61.4, 53.4, 50.7, 45.9, 41.5, 41.3, 39.6, 34.6, 32.0, 29.8, 29.6, 29.4, 25.3, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₇ H₁₆₈ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 65.58; H, 10.75; N, 2.64; P, 1.94. Found: C, 65.60; H, 10.34; N, 2.36; P, 2.01.

EXAMPLE 8 (B7) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₈ H₁₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in Example 4-(4) (1.0 g, 1.56 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (660 mg, 1.71 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (560 mg, 1.87 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) to afford 1.31 g (83%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 32 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.27 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.63 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.8 Hz), 3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.35-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.32 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 4.41 (d, 1 H, J=12.0 Hz), 4.51 (m, 4 H), 4.95 (m, 2 H), 5.18 (m, 2 H), 5.29 (d, 1 H, J=17.2 Hz), 5.88 (m, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (1) above (1.29 g, 1.28 mmol) was deprotected in THF (20 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (540 mg, 1.41 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (370 mg, 1.5 mmol) to afford 1.02 g (65%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 64 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (m, 4 H), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.5, 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (dd, 1 H, J=14.8, 6.3 Hz), 3.27 (m, 2 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (m, 3 H), 3.93 (m, 1 H), 4.18 (m, 1 H), 4.34 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 4.97 (t, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J=8.6 Hz), 5.15 (m, 2 H), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.35 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (2) above (1.0 g, 0.81 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL), treated with pyridine (0.080 mL, 0.98 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (215 mg, 0.89 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.25 mL, 1.22 mmol), triethylamine (0.21 mL, 1.52 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 1.17 g (87%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.1 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 64 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (d, 1 H, J=6.5 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.64 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.3 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22 (m, 15 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.1 g, 0.66 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.2 g, 33 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (305 mg, 0.79 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (235 mg, 0.95 mmol) to afford 373 mg (35%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyltetradecanoyl]-βD-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (4) above (373 mg, 0.23 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 43 mg (12%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 176-179° C.; IR (film) 3298, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1733, 1646, 1551, 1467, 1337, 1316, 1254, 1166, 1106, 1053, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.87 (t, 18 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 105 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.03 (q, 6 H, J=7.0 Hz), 3.3-4.3 (m, 14 H), 4.43 (d, 1 H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.12 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.9, 173.5, 173.3, 170.8, 170.5, 170.1, 100.9, 75.5, 73.1, 71.4, 71.1, 70.9, 70.6, 67.8, 61.6, 60.7, 54.3, 50.5, 45.8, 41.6, 41.4, 39.5, 34.6, 34.4, 32.0, 31.9, 29.8, 29.4, 29.3, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for CH₈₈ H₁₆₄ N₃ O₁₈ P: C, 65.81; H, 10.65; N, 2.74; P, 2.02. Found: C, 66.14; H, 10.46; N, 2.58; P, 1.84.

EXAMPLE 9 (B8) Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₆ H₁₃ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in Example 4-(4) (1.0 g, 1.56 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (610 mg, 1.71 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (560 mg, 1.87 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) to afford 1.24 g (82%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 28 H), 1.38 (s, 3 H), 1.47 (s, 3 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.51 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.63 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.8 Hz), 3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.35-4.0 (m, 9 H), 4.32 (d, 1 H, J=7.3 Hz), 4.41 (d, 1 H, J=12.0 Hz), 4.51 (m, 4 H), 4.95 (m, 2 H), 5.18 (m, 2 H), 5.29 (d, 1 H, J=17.3 Hz), 5.88 (m, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (1) above (1.22 g, 1.25 mmol) was deprotected in THF (20 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (490 mg, 1.38 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (370 mg, 1.5 mmol) to afford 925 mg (62%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 56 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.46 (s, 3 H), 2.32 (m, 4 H), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.8 Hz), 3.29 (m, 2 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (m, 3 H), 3.93 (m, 1 H), 4.18 (m, 1 H), 4.34 (m, 1 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.65 (m, 2 H), 5.01 (m, 2 H), 6.04 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.36 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (2) above (920 mg, 0.76 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL), and then treated with pyridine (0.075 mL, 0.92 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (200 mg, 0.84 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.24 mL, 1.14 mmol), triethylamine (0.21 mL, 1.52 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 1.03 g (83%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.3 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 56 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 3 H), 2.40 (m, 2 H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (d, 1 H, J=6.5 Hz), 2.97 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.41 (m, 2 H), 3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.64 (m, 3 H), 5.16 (m, 1 H), 5.39 (m, 2 H), 5.75 (d, 1 H, J=4.3 Hz), 6.05 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.22 (m, 15 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.0 g, 0.61 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.0 g, 31 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (260 mg, 0.73 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (220 mg, 0.88 mmol) to afford 203 mg (21%) of 3-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (4) above (203 mg, 0.13 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (100 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (200 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 39 mg (21%) of 3-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 171-172° C.; IR (film) 3305, 2955, 2924, 2853, 1734, 1644, 1553, 1466, 1377, 1170, 1102, 1052, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (m, 18 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 93 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.3-4.0 (m, 13 H), 4.23 (q, 1 H, J=9.3 Hz), 4.43 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.30 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.8, 173.5, 173.2, 170.8, 170.5, 170.2, 101.0, 77.2, 75.5, 73.1, 71.6, 71.1, 70.9, 70.6, 67.8, 61.6, 60.8, 54.4, 50.5, 45.8, 41.6, 41.4, 39.5, 34.6, 34.4, 32.0, 31.6, 29.8, 29.6, 29.4, 28.9, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 22.6, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₇₈ H₁₅₀ N₃ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 63.86; H, 10.44; N, 2.86; P, 2.11. Found: C, 63.47; H, 10.20; N, 2.59; P, 2.02.

EXAMPLE 10 (B9) Preparation of 4-Hydroxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=p=1, m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(3) the compound prepared in Example 4-(1) (3.1 g, 5.9 mmol) and (R)-3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)-4-benzyloxy-1-butanol (1.1 g, 3.94 mmol) were coupled in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate (3.0 mL, 23.6 mmol) to afford 1.96 g (67%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)butyl 2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid. In the same manner as described in Example 4-(4) the compound prepared above (1.8 g, 2.43 mmol) was deacylated in methanol (25 mL) with ammonium hydroxide (5 mL) and then treated with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (25 mL) and camphorsulfonic acid (100 mg) to afford 1.34 g (84%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)butyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidine-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (1.0 g, 1.53 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (670 mg, 1.68 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (550 mg, 1.85 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) to afford 1.03 g (65%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-(allyloxycarbonylamino)butyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 34 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.47 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (m, 2 H), 2.28 (t, 2 H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.63 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.7 Hz), 3.30 (m, 1 H), 3.49 (m, 4 H), 3.68 (t, 1 H, J=9.4 Hz), 3.77 (t, 1 H, J=10.4 Hz), 3.92 (m, 3 H), 4.54 (m, 5 H), 4.69 (m, 2 H), 5.1-5.4 (m, 4 H), 5.91 (m, 1 H), 7.33 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (2) above (1.0 g, 0.97 mmol) was deprotected in THF (20 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (425 mg, 1.07 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (317 mg, 1.28 mmol) to afford 660 mg (51%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 68 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.47 (s, 3 H), 2.26 (q, 2 H, J=7.1 Hz), 2.41 (m, 2 H), 2.62 (dd, 1 H, J=14.9, 6.4 Hz), 3.29 (m, 1 H), 3.48 (m, 3 H), 3.71 (m, 2 H), 3.92 (m, 2 H), 4.18 (m, 1 H), 4.49 (m, 2 H), 4.68 (q, 2 H, J=11.5 Hz), 5.15 (m, 2 H), 5.55 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz), 6.17 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.32 (m, 5 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (3) above (640 mg, 0.48 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL), and then treated with pyridine (0.047 mL, 0.58 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (127 mg, 0.53 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.15 mL, 0.72 mmol), triethylamine (0.13 mL, 0.96 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 389 mg (47%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.79 (s, 3 H), 1.86 (s, 3 H), 2.22 (m, 4 H), 2.40 (m, 4 H), 3.49 (m, 4 H), 3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.93 (m, 1 H), 4.1-4.5 (m, 5 H), 4.9-4.6 (m, 4 H), 5.13 (m, 2 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=8.9 Hz), 5.84 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 6.09 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.26 (m, 15 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (4) above (375 g, 0.23 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (752 mg, 11.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (101 mg, 0.25 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (70 mg, 0.28 mmol) to afford 270 mg (67%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (5) above (270 mg, 0.15 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 93 mg (39%) of 4-hydroxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 179-181° C. (dec): IR (film) 3287, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1734, 1654, 1552, 1466, 1378, 1246, 1164, 1106, 1085, 1052, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 14 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.2-4.0 (m, 13 H), 4.21 (m, 1 H), 4.50 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.11 (m, 2 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.8, 173.5, 173.3, 170.9, 170.5, 170.1, 101.1, 77.2, 75.5, 72.8, 71.3, 71.0, 70.6, 66.4, 64.0, 60.7, 54.8, 50.2, 45.8, 41.6, 39.5, 34.6, 34.5, 34.4, 32.0, 30.6, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₈ H₁₇₀ N₃ O₁₈ P: C, 66.65; H, 10.78; N, 2.64; P, 1.95. Found: C, 66.65; H, 10.68; N, 2.50; P, 1.94.

EXAMPLE 11 (B10) Preparation of 4-Hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═OH, p=2, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(3) the compound prepared in Example 4-(1) (5.1 g, 9.7 mmol) and (R)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)-4-benzyloxy-1-butanol (1.8 g, 6.45 mmol) were coupled in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate (4.9 mL, 38.0 mmol) to afford 2.92 g (61%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)propyl 2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid. In the same manner as described in Example 4-(4) the compound prepared above (2.6 g, 3.51 mmol) was deacylated in methanol (35 mL) with ammonium hydroxide (7 mL) and then treated with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (35 mL) and camphorsulfonic acid (100 mg) to afford 1.9 g (72%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)butyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidine-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (1.0 g, 1.53 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (670 mg, 1.68 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (550 mg, 1.85 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) to afford 1.28 g (81%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)butyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 34 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.47 (s, 3 H), 1.82 (m, 2 H), 2.28 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.3, 6.0 Hz), 2.63 (dd, 1 H, J=15.2, 6.7 Hz), 3.16 (m, 1 H), 3.56 (m, 3 H), 3.65 (t, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.75 (t, 1 H, J=10.4 Hz), 3.88 (m, 4 H), 4.32 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz), 4.46 (s, 2 H), 4.54 (m, 2 H), 4.67 (m, 2 H), 4.90 (m, 1 H), 5.26 (m, 3 H), 5.89 (m, 1 H), 7.33 (m, 5 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(6) the compound prepared in (2) above (1.25 g, 1.21 mmol) was deprotected in THF (20 mL) in the presence of dimethyl malonate (1.0 mL, 0.88 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (200 mg) and then acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (530 mg, 1.33 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (362 mg, 1.46 mmol) to afford 1.16 g (72%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-3-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.4 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 68 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.45 (s, 3 H), 2.26 (q, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.34 (m, 1 H), 2.50 (dd, 1 H, J=15.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (dd, 1 H, J=15.4, 6.3 Hz), 3.12 (m, 1 H), 3.5-3.95 (m, 7 H), 4.14 (m, 1 H), 4.29 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.67 (m, 2 H), 4.86 (t, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz),5.15 (m, 2 H), 6.16 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.35 (m, 5 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 4-(7) the compound prepared in (3) above (1.1 g, 0.83 mmol) was deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (20 mL), and then treated with pyridine (0.080 mL, 1.0 mmol) and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (220 mg, 0.91 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ followed by diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.26 mL, 1.25 mmol), triethylamine (0.23 mL, 1.66 mmol) and catalytic 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (50 mg) to afford 802 mg (56%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 12 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.79 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.23 (m, 4 H), 2.37 (m, 4 H), 3.57 (m, 4 H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 4.29 (m, 3 H), 4.44 (m, 2 H), 4.69 (m, 4 H), 5.14 (m, 4 H), 5.62 (d, 1 H, J=7.6 Hz), 6.15 (d, 1 H), J=8.3 Hz), 7.25 (m, 15 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (4) above (750 mg, 0.43 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.42 g, 21.7 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (190 mg, 0.48 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (130 mg, 0.53 mmol) to afford 483 mg (64%) of 4-benzyloxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless amorphous solid.

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (5) above (483 mg, 0.27 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide (150 mg) on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (300 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 238 mg (55%) of 4-hydroxy-(S)-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyltetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 181-183° C. (dec): IR (film) 3294, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1732, 1650, 1556, 1466, 1377, 1320, 1246, 1172, 1108, 1082, 1058, 859, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 14 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.2-4.0 (m, 13 H), 4.21 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.9, 173.4, 173.2, 171.2, 170.7, 101.0, 77.2, 75.4, 73.1, 71.4, 71.3, 71.1, 70.9, 70.6, 60.7, 58.4, 54.7, 46.3, 45.9, 41.6, 41.1, 39.7, 34.8, 34.6, 34.4, 31.9, 29.8, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 25.4, 25.3, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₈ H₁₇₀ N₃ O₁₈ P: C, 66.51; H, 10.78; N, 2.64; P, 1.95. Found: C, 66.81; H, 10.68; N, 2.53; P, 1.79.

EXAMPLE 12 (B11) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (0.212 g, 1.08 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.541 g, 1.19 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (0.353 g, 1.19 mmol) to give 0.642 g (94%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as a waxy solid: mp 56-61° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=˜7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 42 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.50 (m, 2 H), 3.87 (br t, 1 H), 3.95 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.1-5.25 (m, 3 H), 6.69 (d, 1 H, J=7 Hz), 7.34 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(6), the compound prepared in (1) above (0.19 g, 0.30 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 2-(4) (0.635 g, 0.478 mmol) were coupled in the presence of mercury cyanide (0.3 g, 1.2 mmol) to give 0.425 g (77%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (0.405 g, 0.22 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (0.72 g, 11 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.12 g, 0.26 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (0.082 g, 0.33 mmol) to give 0.277 g (66%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz) 1.0-1.75 (m, 126 H), 2.15-2.45 (m, 10 H), 2.53 (dd, 1 H, J=14.7, 6.0 Hz), 2.67 (dd, 1 H, J=14, 6.0 Hz), 3.25 (br t, 1 H, J=7 Hz), 3.35-3.75 (m, 4 H), 3.88 (dd, 1 H, J=11.1 Hz), 4.23 dd, 1 H, J=11.1, 3 Hz), 4.6-4.75 (m, 2 H), 5.03 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 4 H), 5.48 (t, 1 H, J=˜10 Hz), 6.40 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.01 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 15 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (0.253 g, 0.133 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of 5% palladium on carbon (50 mg) and platinum oxide (120 mg) to give 0.155 g (62%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a colorless solid: mp 180° C. (dec); IR (film) 3322, 2956, 2924, 2852, 1736, 1732, 1681, 1673, 1667, 1660, 1651, 1467, 1456, 1247, 1174, 1110, 1081 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜7 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7 Hz), 3.30 (br s, 13 H), 3.7-3.9 (m, 3 H), 3.96 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.05-4.3 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 1 H) 4.53 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 5.05-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.4, 173.2, 171.0, 170.3, 170.2, 169.9, 169.8, 100.8, 75.1, 73.4, 71.1, 70.7, 70.4, 70.3, 60.2, 54.3, 45.6, 41.2, 41.1, 39.2, 34.6, 34.4, 34.2, 32.0, 29.8, 29.5, 25.4, 25.2, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd for C₉₉ H₁₉₀ N₃ O₁₉ P.5 H₂ O: C, 64.35; H, 10.91; N, 2.27; P, 1.68. Found: C, 64.16; H, 10.92; N, 2.37; P, 1.91.

EXAMPLE 13 (B12) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₁ H₂₃ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (935 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (745 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 1.08 g (90%) of N-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 53-54° C. ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.5 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 46 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.50 (d, 2 H, 5.6 Hz), 2.62 (t, 1 H, J=6.2 Hz), 3.97 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 3 H), 6.63 (d, 1 H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (946 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.30 g (81%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 28 H), 1.59 (m, 4 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.71 (m, 2 H), 5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.27 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.30 g, 1.51 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (398 mg, 1.66 mmol) and pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.83 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.42 mL, 3.02 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.47 mL, 2.27 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.39 g (71%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 46 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.23 (m, 6 H), 3.34 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.96 (m, 1 H), 4.32 (m, 2 H), 4.63 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=11.9 Hz), 5.02 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.20 (m, 1 H), 5.65 (m, 2 H), 7.29 (m, 10 H).

(4) The compound prepared in (3) above (1.30 g, 1.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (15 mL) was treated at 0° C. with TFA (5 mL) and then allowed to warm to room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the remaining TFA was removed by azeotroping with toluene. The lactol was treated with the Vilsmeier reagent prepared from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (20 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature overnight and was partitioned between 50 mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and ether (50 mL). The layers were separated and the organic phase was dried over Na₂ SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel with 10% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 1.09 g (90%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.2-1.70 (m, 46 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.30 (m, 4 H), 4.72 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.50 (t, 1 H, J=9.5 Hz), 5.79 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.27 (d, 1 H, J=3.6 Hz), 7.19 (m, 10 H).

(5) To a solution of compounds prepared in (1) and (4) (540 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 1.0 g, 0.82 mmol, respectively) in 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL), powdered 4A molecular sieves (300 mg) were added and the suspension was stirred for 30 min. AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) was added in one portion, after 30 min the slurry was filtered through silica gel and eluted with 30% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 1.10 g (75%) of N-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.5 Hz), 1.1-1.65 (m, 92 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.67 (m, 2 H), 4.30 (m, 3 H), 4.72 (m, 5 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H), 5.46 (m, 1 H), 6.07 (m, 1 H), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (1.0 g, 0.56 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.83 g, 28 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (285 mg, 0.67 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (185 mg, 0.74 mmol) to afford 420 mg (44%) of N-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (420 mg, 0.24 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 240 mg (60%) of N-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 181-182° C.; IR (film) 3289, 2956, 2920, 2851, 1731, 1656, 1557, 1467, 1378, 1182, 1108, 1080, 1052, 852, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 123 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.35 (m, 1 H), 3.70 (m, 6 H), 3.88 (m, 2 H), 4.20 (m, 1 H), 4.56 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 4.59 (br s, 1 H), 5.16 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ176.9, 173.3, 173.2, 172.7, 169.6, 169.1, 101.5, 74.8, 71.2, 70.9, 69.2, 60.5, 53.1, 51.4, 46.1, 41.5, 41.0, 39.2, 34.3, 34.2, 34.0, 32.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.4, 29.2, 25.6, 25.3, 25.2, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₃ H₁₇₈ N₃ O₁₉ P.H₂ O: C, 66.04; H, 10.73; N, 2.48; P, 1.83. Found: C, 66.04; H, 10.73; N, 2.48; P, 1.86.

EXAMPLE 14 (B13) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₀ H₂₁ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (905 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (745 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 1.08 g (92%) of N-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 53-54° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 44 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.49 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 3.99 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 3 H), 6.58 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (915 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.41 g (82%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 32 H), 1.60 (m, 4 H), 2.31 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.71 (m, 2 H), 5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.27 (d, 1 H, J=8.7 Hz).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.30, 1.53 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (403 mg, 1.68 mmol) and pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.85 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.43 mL, 3.06 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.48 mL, 2.30 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.37 g (70%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 44 H), 1.80 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.23 (m, 6 H), 3.58 (m, 3 H), 4.32 (m, 1 H), 4.71 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.20 (m, 1 H), 5.62 (m, 2 H), 7.25 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in (4) above (1.28 g, 1.0 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (5 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.12 g (93%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.1-1.55 (m, 44 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (m, 2 H), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 4 H), 4.72 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.50 (t, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 5.80 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.26 (d, 1 H, J=3.4 Hz), 7.26 (m, 10 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), compounds prepared in (1) and (4) above (530 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 1.0 g, 0.83 mmol, respectively) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 1.11 g (76%) of N-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (m, 12 H), 1.0-1.65 (m, 88 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.85 (m, 1 H), 4.30 (m, 3 H), 4.78 (m, 5 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H), 5.46 (m, 1 H), 6.07 (m, 1 H), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (1.0 g, 0.57 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.0 g, 30.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (280 mg, 0.68 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (185 mg, 0.75 mmol) to afford 470 mg (50%) of N-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (470 mg, 0.27 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 130 mg (30%) of N-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-undecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 181-183° C.; IR (film) 3294, 2923, 2853, 1734, 1655, 1466, 1377, 1163, 1080, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 117 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.4-3.2 (m, 5 H), 3.6-3.9 (m, 4 H), 4.20 (d, 1 H, 9.8 Hz), 4.54 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.62 (br. s, 1 H), 5.17 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.5, 173.3, 172.8, 172.2, 169.6, 169.1, 101.5, 77.2, 74.8, 70.9, 69.2, 60.5, 58.5, 53.1, 51.5, 46.1, 41.5, 41.1, 39.2, 34.6, 34.4, 34.1, 32.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.4, 29.2, 25.6, 25.2, 25.1, 22.7, 18.5, 14.2, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₀ H₁₇₂ N₃ O₁₉ P: C, 66.26; H, 10.63; N, 2.58; P, 1.90. Found: C, 66.56; H, 10.57; N, 2.47; P, 1.91.

EXAMPLE 15 (B14) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-D-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), D-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (875 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (745 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 1.05 g (91%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-serine benzyl ester: mp 51-52° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (m, 6 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 34 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.50 (m, 2 H),3.68 (s, 1 H), 3.93 (d, 2 H, J=3.1 Hz), 4.62 (m, 1 H), 5.22 (m, 3 H), 6.63 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (884 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.30 g (77%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 30 H), 1.59 (m, 4 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.71 (m, 2 H), 5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.27 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.25 g, 1.50 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (396 mg, 1.65 mmol) and pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.81 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.42 mL, 3.00 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.47 mL, 2.25 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.31 g (69%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.89 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 34 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.90 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (m, 4 H), 3.40 (q, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.89 (m, 1 H), 4.32 (m, 2 H), 4.63 (m, 2 H), 4.82 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.63 (m, 2 H), 7.29 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.27 g, 1.0 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (5 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.06 g (89%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.55 (m, 34 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.32 (m, 4 H), 4.71 (m, 3 H), 4.83 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.50 (t, 1 H, J=9.5 Hz), 5.77 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.26 (d, 1 H, J=3.4 Hz), 7.20 (m, 10 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), compounds prepared in (1) and (4) above above (520 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 1.0 g, 0.84 mmol, respectively) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 1.13 g (78%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-D-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.65 (m, 68 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.2-2.6 (m, 8 H), 3.40 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 4.01 (m, 2 H), 4.27 (m, 2 H), 4.44 (d, 1 H, J=7.1 Hz), 4.60 (m, 2 H), 4.77 (m, 2 H), 5.19 (m, 6 H), 6.61 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (1.0 g, 0.58 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.9 g, 29 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (280 mg, 0.70 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (190 mg, 0.77 mmol) to afford 420 mg (44%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-D-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (420 mg, 0.25 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 118 mg (30%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-D-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 179-181° C.; IR (film) 3283, 3100, 2921, 2852, 1732, 1660, 1651, 1564, 1556, 1464, 1417, 1378, 1322, 1181, 1061, 856, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.06 (m, 6 H), 3.33 (m, 5 H), 3.78 (m, 2 H), 3.95 (m, 2 H), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 4.68 (br. s, 1 H), 5.13 (m, 3 H), 5.26 (m, 1 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δδ173.7, 173.5, 173.1, 171.1, 169.9, 100.3, 75.1, 73.9, 71.9, 71.1, 70.9, 70.2, 60.9, 53.9, 52.7, 46.0, 41.3, 40.8, 39.4, 34.6, 34.4, 31.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.5, 29.4, 25.6, 25.4, 25.2, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₇ H₁₆₆ N₃ O₁₉ P: C, 65.75; H, 10.53; N, 2.64; P, 1.95. Found: C, 65.32; H, 10.28; N, 2.53; P, 1.89.

EXAMPLE 16 (B15) Preparation of of N-[(R)-3-Decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt. (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (250 mg, 1.08 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (478 mg, 1.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (357 mg, 1.2 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 0.52 g (84%) of N-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 52-53° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.87 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 34 H), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.49 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 3.67 (s, 1 H), 3.97 (m, 2 H), 4.63 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 3 H), 6.61 (d, 1 H, J=7.1 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (500 mg, 0.87 mmol), and the compound prepared in Example 15-(4) (1.08 g, 0.90 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 1.35 g (89%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.0-1.65 (m, 68 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.38 (q, 1 H, J=9.1 Hz), 3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.84 (m, 1 H), 4.27 (m, 3 H), 4.70 (m, 5 H), 4.84 (m, 4 H), 5.14 (m, 3 H), 5.46 (t, 1 H, J=9.7 Hz), 6.07 (m, 1 H), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (600 mg, 0.34 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.13 g, 17.2 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (124 mg, 0.50 mmol) to afford 362 mg (60%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (300 mg, 0.17 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium on carbon (100 mg) and platinum oxide (200 mg) in THF/AcOH (10:1) to afford 120 mg (44%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 175-176° C.; IR (film) 3304, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1733, 1654, 1541, 1466, 1377, 1164, 1107, 1080, 845, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.07 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.5-3.95 (m, 8 H), 4.21 (q, 1 H, 11.0 Hz), 4.54 (d, 1 H, J=8.9 Hz), 4.61 (br. s, 1 H), 5.17 (m, 4 H), 7.10 (d, 1 H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ176.3, 173.4, 173.2, 172.8, 172.0, 169.6, 169.2, 101.4, 74.7, 70.9, 69.3, 60.4, 53.2, 51.6, 46.1, 41.4, 41.0, 39.1, 34.5, 34.3, 34.2, 34.1, 31.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 29.2, 25.5, 25.1, 25.0, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₇ H₁₆₆ N₃ O₁₉ P.H₂ O: C, 65.01; H, 10.54; N, 2.61; P, 1.93. Found: C, 64.92; H, 10.38; N, 2.58; P, 2.06.

EXAMPLE 17 (B16) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt. (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₈ H₁₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (780 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (845 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 1.0 g (89%) of N-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 52-53° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 32 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.51 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 2.62 (t, 1 H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.98 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 3 H), 6.58 (d, 1 H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (852 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.31 g (79%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 28 H), 1.59 (m, 4 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.71 (m, 2 H), 5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.27 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.25 g, 1.52 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (400 mg, 1.67 mmol) and pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.84 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.42 mL, 3.04 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.47 mL, 2.28 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.30 g (67%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 32 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.22 (m, 6 H), 3.33 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.96 (m, 1 H), 4.31 (m, 2 H), 4.55 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=12.0 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 5.62 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.26 g, 1.0 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (5 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.07 g (91%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.25-1.55 (m, 32 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 4 H), 4.70 (m, 3 H), 4.83 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=10.2 Hz), 5.78 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.25 (d, 1 H, J=3.6 Hz), 7.19 (m, 10 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), compounds prepared in (1) and (4) above (505 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 1.0 g, 0.85 mmol, respectively) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 1.03 g (71%) of N-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.0-1.65 (m, 64 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 4.25 (m, 3 H), 4.73 (m, 5 H), 5.18 (m, 5 H), 6.07 (m, 1 H), 6.60 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (1.0 g, 0.59 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.93 g, 29.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (273 mg, 0.71 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (195 mg, 0.78 mmol) to afford 405 mg (42%) of N-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (405 mg, 0.25 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 185 mg (48%) of N-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-nonanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 177-179° C.; IR (film) 3306, 2955, 2923, 2853, 1732, 1660, 1538, 1467, 1378, 1252, 1165, 1106, 1080, 960, 844, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 105 H), 2.2-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.07 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.2-3.5 (m, 5 H), 3.85 (m, 4 H), 4.23 (d, 1 H, 10.2 Hz), 4.51 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.64 (br. s, 1 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.3, 172.8, 172.2, 169.6, 169.1, 101.5, 74.8, 70.9, 70.8, 69.3, 60.5, 53.2, 51.5, 46.1, 41.5, 41.0, 39.2, 34.5, 34.3, 34.1, 32.0, 31.9, 29.8, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 25.6, 25.2, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₄ H₁₆₀ N₃ O₁₉ P: C, 65.21; H, 10.42; N, 2.72; P, 2.00. Found: C, 65.48; H, 10.32; N, 2.62; P, 2.12.

EXAMPLE 18 (B17) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₇ H₁₅ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (815 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (745 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 1.02 g (93%) of N-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 50-51° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 30 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.51 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 2.60 (t, 1 H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.97 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.22 (m, 3 H), 6.61 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (821 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.35 g (83%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (S, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 26 H), 1.60 (m, 4 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.53 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.8, 4.4 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.56 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 4.64 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 4.77 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 5.08 (m, 2 H), 5.30 (br. s, 1 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.30 g, 1.61 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (425 mg, 1.77 mmol) and pyridine (0.16 mL, 1.95 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.45 mL, 3.22 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.50 mL, 2.42 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.42 g (71%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 30 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.23 (m, 6 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 3.96 (m, 1 H), 4.55 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=11.8 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.20 (m, 1 H), 7.29 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.24 g, 1.0 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (5 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.0 g (87%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.7 Hz), 1.25-1.55 (m, 30 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.29 (m, 4 H), 4.72 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=9.9 Hz), 5.79 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 6.25 (d, 1 H, J=3.5 Hz), 7.29 (m, 10 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), compounds prepared in (1) and (4) above (490 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 1.0 g, 0.86 mmol, respectively) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 0.99 g (69%) of N-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.0-1.65 (m, 60 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 4.27 (m, 3 H), 4.72 (m, 5 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H), 5.46 (t, 1 H, J=9.8 Hz), 6.06 (m, 1 H), 6.60 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (0.95 g, 0.57 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.86 g, 28.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (252 mg, 0.68 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (185 mg, 0.75 mmol) to afford 433 mg (47%) of N-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (433 mg, 0.27 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon (250 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 196 mg (48%) of N-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-octanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 177-178° C.; IR (film) 3296, 2956, 2923, 2853, 1732, 1645, 1546, 1466, 1378, 1315, 1170, 1082, 1056, 961, 846, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 99 H), 2.2-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.08 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.39 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz), 3.6-4.0 (m, 8 H), 4.22 (q, 1 H, 10.3 Hz), 4.53 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.63 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H), 7.04 (d, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ176.8, 173.3, 173.2, 172.7, 172.2, 169.6, 169.1, 101.5, 74.8, 70.9, 70.8, 69.3, 60.5, 53.2, 51.5, 46.2, 41.5, 41.1, 39.2, 34.5, 34.3, 34.1, 34.0, 32.0, 31.8, 29.8, 29.6, 29.4, 29.3, 29.2, 29.1, 25.6, 25.3, 25.2, 25.0, 22.7, 14.1, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₁ H₁₅₄ N₃ O₁₉ P.H₂ O: C, 63.87; H, 10.32; N, 2.76; P, 2.03. Found: C, 63.96; H, 10.29; N, 2.69; P, 1.67.

EXAMPLE 19 (B18) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₆ H₁₃ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), L-serine benzyl ester (390 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (780 mg, 2.2 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (745 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 0.97 g (91%) of N-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: mp 46-48° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 28 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.50 (d, 2 H, J=5.8 Hz), 2.62 (t, 1 H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.97 (m, 2 H), 4.65 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 3 H), 6.61 (d, 1 H, J=6.9 Hz), 7.35 (br s, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(2), the compound prepared in Example 2-(1) (1.0 g, 2.02 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (790 mg, 2.22 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (720 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) in CH₂ Cl₂, and then deprotected in 90% aqueous AcOH (25 mL) to afford 1.30 g (81%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.00 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (m, 24 H), 1.59 (m, 4 H), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H, J=11.5, 4.2 Hz), 3.94 (m, 2 H), 4.57 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 4.64 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 4.76 (d, 1 H, J=11.9 Hz), 5.09 (m, 2 H), 5.31 (d, 1 H, J=8.7 Hz).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(3), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.25 g, 1.58 mmol) was treated with 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (417 mg, 1.74 mmol) and pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.91 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (25 mL) followed by triethylamine (0.44 mL, 3.16 mmol), diphenyl chlorophosphate (0.49 mL, 2.37 mmol) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (100 mg) to afford 1.34 g (69%) of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.0 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (m, 8 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 28 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.35 (m, 4 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.61 (m, 1 H), 3.80 (m, 1 H), 4.32 (m, 2 H), 4.63 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=12.0 Hz), 5.01 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.62 (m, 2 H), 7.29 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.23 g, 1.0 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (5 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (0.39 mL, 5.0 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.22 mL, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.0 g (87%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.25-1.55 (m, 28 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.26 (m, 4 H), 4.73 (m, 3 H), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=10.2 Hz), 5.77 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.25 (d, 1 H, J=3.3 Hz), 7.19 (m, 10 H).

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), compounds prepared in (1) and (4) above (480 mg, 0.90 mmol, and 0.98 g, 0.86 mmol, respectively) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to afford 1.06 g (75%) of N-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenyl phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (m, 12 H), 1.0-1.65 (m, 56 H), 1.77 (s, 3 H), 1.85 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.5 (m, 8 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 4.25 (m, 3 H), 4.78 (m, 5 H), 5.16 (m, 4 H), 5.46 (t, 1 H, J=9.9 Hz), 6.06 (m, 1 H), 6.60 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz), 7.05-7.45 (m, 15 H).

(6) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (5) above (1.0 g, 0.61 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.0 g, 30.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (260 mg, 0.73 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (200 mg, 0.80 mmol) to afford 440 mg (45%) of N-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine benzyl ester as an amorphous solid.

(7) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (6) above (440 mg, 0.28 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon (250 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) and platinum oxide (400 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 208 mg (51%) of N-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-heptanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 176-177° C.; IR (film) 3307, 2956, 2924, 2854, 1732, 1650, 1545, 1466, 1378, 1316, 1170, 1080, 956, 841, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (m, 18 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 93 H), 2.2-2.75 (m, 12 H), 3.08 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.40 (d, 1 H, J=10.2 Hz), 3.6-4.0 (m, 7 H), 4.24 (m, 2 H), 4.52 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 4.63 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (m, 4 H), 7.04 (d, 1 H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ177.1, 173.2, 173.1, 172.7, 172.3, 169.5, 168.9, 101.5, 75.0 74.8, 71.2, 70.9, 69.1, 60.5, 53.1, 51.4, 46.1, 41.5, 41.0, 39.2, 34.5, 34.3, 34.1, 34.0, 31.9, 31.6, 31.5, 29.8, 29.6, 29.4, 29.0, 28.9, 28.8, 25.6, 25.3, 25.1, 25.0, 22.7, 22.6, 14.1, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₇₈ H₁₄₈ N₃ O₁₉ P: C, 64.04; H, 10.20; N, 2.87; P, 2.12. Found: C, 63.77; H, 10.11; N, 2.85; P, 2.02.

EXAMPLE 20 (B19) Preparation of 2-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) 2-Amino-1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethane (330 mg, 1.1 mmol) and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (500 mg, 1.1 mmol) were dissolved in CH₂ Cl₂ (10 mL) and treated with powdered 4 A molecular sieves (500 mg). After 1 h EEDQ (297 mg, 1.2 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 18 h, filtered through Celite® and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel using 15% EtOAc/hexanes to give 675 mg (92%) of a colorless solid. A portion of this material (500 mg, 0.68 mmol) was deprotected with TBAF (1 M in THF, 1 mL, 1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) by stirring at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂ O (50 mL) and washed with brine (2×50 mL). The brine was back extracted with Et₂ O (2×50 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂ SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford 338 mg (62%) of 2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethanol as an off-white solid.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(6), the compound prepared in (1) above (338 mg, 0.68 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 2-(4) (786 mg, 0.61 mmol) were coupled in the presence of mercury cyanide (770 mg, 3.05 mmol) to give 245 mg (24%) of 2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.8 (m, 84 H), 1.81 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.15-2.55 (m, 8 H), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 3.47 (m, 2 H), 3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (m, 2 H), 4.28 (dd, 1 H, J=12.2, 4.9 Hz), 4.36 (d, 1 H, J=11.0 Hz), 4.68 (m, 2 H), 4.78 (d, 1 H, J=11.6 Hz), 4.94 (d, 1 H, J=11.6 Hz), 5.16 (m, 2 H), 5.53 (t, 1 H, J=10.0 Hz), 6.06 (d, 1 H, J=4.9 Hz), 6.19 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (500 mg, 0.29 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (980 mg, 15 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (155 mg, 0.34 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (110 mg, 0.44 mmol) to give 315 mg (62%) of 2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (200 mg, 0.113 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (100 mg) to give 142 mg (76%) of 2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white solid: mp 175-176° C.; IR (film) 3285, 3098, 2955, 2919, 2851, 1731, 1659, 1642, 1556, 1468, 1379, 1250, 1228, 1174, 1110, 1083, 1046, 962, 857 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 15 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.2-4.1 (m, 8 H), 4.21 (q, 1 H, J=9.9 Hz), 4.51 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 4 H), 7.33 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.50 (br t, 1 H, J=4.8 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.7, 173.3, 170.6, 170.3, 169.9, 100.9, 75.8, 73.0, 71.3, 71.1, 70.9, 70.6, 68.3, 60.6, 55.1, 45.7, 41.6, 41.2, 39.5, 34.6, 34.5, 34.4, 32.0, 29.8, 29.4, 29.3, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₈ H₁₉₀ N₃ O₁₇ P.2 H₂ O: C, 67.28; H, 11.18; N, 2.40; P, 1.77. Found: C, 67.01; H, 11.18; N, 2.15; P, 2.01.

EXAMPLE 21 (B20) Preparation of 2-[(R)-3-Decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 20-(1), 2-amino-1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethane (450 mg, 1.5 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (600 mg, 1.5 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (594 mg, 2.0 mmol) and then deprotected with TBAF (1.0 M in THF, 2.5 mL, 2.5 mmol) in THF (10 mL) to afford 488 mg (81%) of 2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethanol as an off-white solid.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (385 g, 0.87 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 15-(4) (1.05 g, 0.87 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (560 mg, 2.2 mmol) to give 1.04 g (74%) of 2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.44 (m, 2 H), 4.34 (m, 5 H), 4.72 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (q, 1 H, J=9.3 Hz), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=10.2 Hz), 5.79 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.26 (d, 1 H, J=3.4 Hz), 7.31 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (700 mg, 0.44 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.42 g, 21.7 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (190 mg, 0.48 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (148 mg, 0.6 mmol) to give 432 mg (62%) of 2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (400 mg, 0.25 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (200 mg) to give 200 mg (52%) of 2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]ethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white solid: mp 165-166° C.; IR (film) 3289, 3094, 2956, 2922, 2853, 1732, 1658, 1644, 1556, 1467, 1379, 1247, 1164, 1107, 1081, 1048 cm⁻ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 15 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.2-3.85 (m, 9 H), 4.52 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 4 H), 7.21 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz), 7.42 (br t, 1 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.8, 173.3, 170.7, 170.3, 170.0, 100.9, 75.6, 73.0, 71.3, 70.9, 70.6, 68.3, 60.7, 55.0, 45.8, 41.6, 41.2, 39.5, 34.5, 34.4, 34.1, 31.9, 29.8, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₆ H₁₆₆ N₃ O₁₇ P.H₂ O: C, 66.08; H, 10.83; N, 2.69; P, 1.98. Found: C, 65.80; H, 10.63; N, 2.63; P, 2.04.

EXAMPLE 22 (B21) Preparation of 3-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=1, m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 20-(1), 3-amino-1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propane (470 mg, 1.5 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (680 mg, 1.5 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (595 mg, 2.0 mmol) and then deprotected with TBAF (1.0 M in THF, 2.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) to afford 698 mg (91%) of 3-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-1-propanol as an off-white solid.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(4), the compound prepared in Example 2-(3) (7.9 g, 5.88 mmol) was deprotected with TFA (10 mL) and then treated with the Vilsmeier reagent generated from DMF (1.8 mL, 23.5 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (1.03 mL, 11.76 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (60 mL) to give 6.32 g (85%) of 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a white foam: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.2-1.55 (m, 42 H), 1.78 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.43 (m, 2 H), 4.31 (m, 4 H), 4.68 (d, 1 H, J=11.9 Hz), 4.74 (d, 1 H, J=11.9 Hz), 4.83 (q, 1 H, J=9.3 Hz), 5.09 (m, 1 H), 5.51 (t, 1 H, J=9.7 Hz), 5.78 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.26 (d, 1 H, J=3.4 Hz), 7.31 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (613 mg, 1.2 mmol) and the compound prepared in (2) above (1.5 g, 1.2 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (642 mg, 2.5 mmol) to give 1.43 g (68%) of 3-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.8 (m, 86 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.20 (t, 2 H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.7 Hz), 2.44 (m, 4 H), 3.21 (m, 1 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 3.54 (m, 2 H), 3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.94 (m, 1 H), 4.28 (dd, 1 H, J=12.3, 5.2 Hz), 4.38 (d, 1 H, J=10.8 Hz), 4.70 (m, 3 H), 4.81 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.14 (m, 2 H), 5.47 (t, 1 H, J=9.6 Hz), 6.13 (d, 1 H, J=7.6 Hz), 6.22 (br. s, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (3) above (700 mg, 0.40 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.32 g, 20.1 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (125 mg, 0.5 mmol) to give 435 mg (60%) of 3-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(5) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (4) above (400 mg, 0.22 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (200 mg) to give 170 mg (45%) of 3-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]propyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white solid: mp 171-172° C.; IR (film) 3288, 3094, 2955, 2919, 2850, 1731, 1658, 1344, 1556, 1468, 1378, 1320, 1251, 1226, 1172, 1106, 1083, 1044 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.0 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 15 H), 3.06 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.2-4.1 (m, 8 H), 4.21 (q, 1 H, J=9.9 Hz), 4.51 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 4 H), 7.23 (t, 1 H, J=5.3 Hz), 7.33 (d, 1 H, J=8.6 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.5, 173.4, 170.6, 170.2, 169.9, 100.6, 75.8, 71.5, 70.9, 70.5, 66.8, 60.4, 55.3, 45.6, 41.4, 39.4, 36.3, 34.6, 34.5, 34.2, 31.9, 29.7, 29.4, 29.3, 29.1, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.5.

Anal. Calcd. for C₉₉ H₁₉₂ N₃ O₁₇ P.2 H₂ O: C, 67.42; H, 11.20; N, 2.38; P, 1.76. Found: C, 66.97; H, 11.01; N, 2.38; P, 1.95.

EXAMPLE 23 (B22) Preparation of 4-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]butyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=2, m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 20-(1), 4-amino-1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)butane (500 mg, 1.53 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (695 mg, 1.53 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (595 mg, 2.0 mmol) and then deprotected with TBAF (1.0 M in THF, 2.5 mL, 2.5 mmol) in THF (15 mL) to afford 651 mg (81%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-1-butanol as an off-white solid.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (650 mg, 1.25 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 22-(2) (1.6 g, 1.25 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.16 g, 4.5 mmol) to give 1.65 g (75%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.8 (m, 88 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.15-2.55 (m, 8 H), 3.24 (m, 2 H), 3.50 (m, 2 H), 3.83 (m, 2 H), 4.27 (dd, 1 H, J=12.1, 3.8 Hz), 4.32 (d, 1 H, J=11.5 Hz), 4.66 (m, 2 H), 4.78 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 4.89 (d, 1 H, J=8.0 Hz), 5.15 (m, 2 H), 5.54 (t, 1 H, J=9.7 Hz), 5.95 (m, 2 H), 7.25 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (700 mg, 0.39 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.30 g, 19.8 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (195 mg, 0.43 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (125 mg, 0.5 mmol) to give 421 mg (60%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (400 mg, 0.22 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (200 mg) to give 212 mg (55%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]butyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white solid: mp 171-172° C.; IR (film) 3298, 2955, 2920, 2851, 1732, 1645, 1550, 1467, 1378, 1181, 1107, 1083, 1044, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 19 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.18 (m, 2 H), 3.3-3.5 (m, 6 H), 3.78 (m, 3 H), 3.97 (d, 1 H, J=12.5 Hz), 4.23 (q, 1 H, J=10.0 Hz), 4.50 (d, 1 H, J=8.5 Hz), 5.13 (m, 4 H), 7.12 (d, 1 H, J=9.1 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.9, 173.4, 173.3, 170.8, 169.9, 169.8, 101.0, 75.6, 73.2, 71.4, 71.1, 70.6, 68.9, 60.7, 54.8, 45.9, 41.5, 39.6, 38.9, 34.6, 34.3, 32.0, 29.8, 29.5, 29.0, 28.9, 26.3, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.7.

Anal. Calcd. for C₁₀₀ H₁₉₄ N₃ O₁₇ P.H₂ O: C, 68.26; H, 11.23; N, 2.39; P, 1.76. Found: C, 68.21; H, 11.03; N, 2.26; P, 1.73.

EXAMPLE 24 (B23) Preparation of 4-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]hexyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=4, m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 20-(1), 6-amino-1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)hexane (1.48 g, 4.15 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (2.07 g, 4.56 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (1.35 g, 4.56 mmol) and then deprotected with TBAF (1.0 M in THF, 1.53 mL, 1.53 mmol) in THF (46 mL) to afford 700 mg (30%) of 6-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-1-hexanol as an off-white solid.

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (689 mg, 1.20 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 22-(2) (1.25 g, 1.00 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.28 g, 5.0 mmol) to give 1.59 g (94%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]hexyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.8 (m, 92 H), 1.82 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.22 (t, 2 H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.29 (t, 2 H, J=7.4 Hz), 2.45 (m, 4 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.46 (m, 2 H), 3.83 (m, 2 H), 3.94 (m, 1 H), 4.31 (m, 2 H), 4.64 (m, 2 H), 4.83 (d, 1 H, J=12.1 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 5.17 (m, 2 H), 5.59 (t, 1 H, J=8.8 Hz), 5.75 (m, 1 H), 5.84 (d, 1 H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.25 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.57 g, 0.88 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.88 g, 44.1 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (481 mg, 1.06 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (327 mg, 1.32 mmol) to give 1.57 g (97%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylaminolhexyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (1.57 g, 0.85 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (157 mg) to give 130 mg (10%) of 4-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]hexyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white solid: mp 150-152° C.; IR (film) 3284, 3099, 2954, 2920, 2851, 1731, 1657, 1637, 1557, 1467, 1418, 1378, 1320, 1249, 1179, 1108, 1083, 1044, 856, 721 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.89 (t, 18 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 23 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.18 (m, 2 H), 3.39 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 3.49 (q, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 3.82 (m, 2 H), 3.99 (d, 1 H, J=11.9 Hz), 4.25 (q, 1 H, J=8.9 Hz), 4.59 (m, 2 H), 5.18 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.7, 173.3, 170.6, 169.7, 169.4, 100.6, 75.5, 73.1, 71.3, 70.9, 70.6, 69.2, 60.6, 55.2, 45.8, 41.7, 41.4, 39.5, 39.4, 34.6, 34.3, 34.2, 34.1, 31.9, 29.7, 29.4, 29.2, 26.5, 25.5, 25.3, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₁₀₂ H₁₉₈ N₃ O₁₇ P.H₂ O: C, 68.53; H, 11.28; N, 2.33; P, 1.73. Found: C, 68.63; H, 11.12; N, 2.26; P, 1.66.

EXAMPLE 25 (B24) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CONH₂, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) A suspension of L-serinamide hydrochloride (0.157 g, 1.18 mmol) and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.61 g, 1.34 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ (6 mL) was treated with triethylamine (0.18 mL, 1.3 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred with 4 Å molecular sieves for 30 min. EEDQ (0.437 g, 1.77 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The product that precipitated was collected and washed with CH₂ Cl₂ (2×25 mL) to give 0.455 g (71%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serinamide as a colorless powder: mp 126-130° C.; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6H, J=˜7 Hz), 1.15-1.7 (m, 42 H), 2.31 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.51 (d, 2 H, J=6.3 Hz), 3.56 (br s, 1 H), 3.65 (dd, 1 H, J=11.2, 5.5 Hz), 3.86 (dd, 1 H, J=11.2, 4.5 Hz), 4.21 (s, 2 H), 4.40 (m, 1 H), 5.22 (m, 1 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(6), the compound prepared in (1) above (0.23 g, 0.246 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 2-(4) (0.961 g, 0.745 mmol) were coupled in the presence of mercury cyanide (0.43 g, 1.7 mmol) to give 0.527 g (71%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2,-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=˜7 H), 1.0-1.7 (m, 84 H), 1.80 and 1.89 (2s, 6 H), 2.21 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.30 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.37 (m, 2 H), 2.47 (m, 2 H), 3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.68 (dd, 1 H, J=8, J=11 Hz), 3.86 (br d, 1 H, J=11 Hz), 4.16 (dd, 1 H, J=11, 4 Hz), 4.24 (dd, 1 H, J=12, 4.3 Hz), 4.40 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.6-4.8 (m, 4 H), 5.00 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 5.1-5.25 (m, 2 H), 5.4-5.55 (m, 2 H), 5.84 (br s, 1 H), 6.61 (br s, 2 H), 7.1-7.35 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (0.44 g, 0.254 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (0.83 g, 13 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.14 g, 0.31 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (0.095 g, 0.38 mmol) to give 0.271 g (59%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 126 H), 2.03 (br s, 1 H), 2.15-2.55 (m, 12 H), 3.5-4.05 (m, 5 H), 4.14 (dd, 1 H, J=10, 3.5 Hz), 4.5-4.65 (m, 2 H), 4.68 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 3 H), 5.31 (t, 1 H, J=˜10 Hz), 5.58 (br s, 1 H), 6.31 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 6.85-6.95 (m, 2 H), 7.1-7.4 (m, 10 H).

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (0.25 g, 0.14 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (0.125 g) to give 0.195 (80%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide triethylammonium salt as a colorless solid: mp 190-191° C. (dec); IR (film) 3418, 3293, 2921, 2850, 1732, 1717, 1651, 1636, 1557, 1540, 1458, 1165, 1033 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜7 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.2-3.45 (m), 3.5-4.1 (m, 5 H), 4.21 (q, 1 H, J=˜10 Hz), 4.53 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 4.58 (m, 1 H), 5.0-5.3 (m, 4 H), 7.25 (d, 1 H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ173.7, 173.5, 172.5, 170.7, 170.5, 170.4, 101.4, 75.5, 73.4, 71.1, 70.9, 70.2, 68.6, 60.0, 53.9, 52.2, 45.6, 41.2, 41.0, 38.9, 34.4, 34.2, 31.8, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 29.1, 25.2, 24.9, 22.6, 14.0, 8.3.

Anal. Calcd for C₉₉ H₁₉₁ N₄ O₁₈ P.2.5 H₂ O: C, 66.00; H, 10.97; N, 3.11; P, 1.72. Found: C, 66.04; H, 10.99; N, 3.03; P, 1.95.

EXAMPLE 26 (B25) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CONH₂, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 25-(1), L-serinamide hydrochloride (169 mg, 1.2 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (478 mg, 1.2 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (371 mg, 1.5 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 428 mg (74%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-serinamide as a white solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H), 1.1-1.7 (m, 34 H), 2.33 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.54 (d, 2 H, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35 (s, 2 H), 3.72 (dd, 1 H, J=11.0, 5.2 Hz), 3.84 (dd, 1 H, J=11.3, 5.0 Hz), 4.20 (t, 1 H, J=5.1 Hz), 5.26 (t, 1 H, J=6.4 Hz).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (410 mg, 0.85 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 15-(4) (1.05 g, 0.87 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (560 mg, 2.2 mmol) to afford 780 g (56%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenyl phosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H), 1.1-1.6 (m, 68 H), 1.80 (s, 3 H), 1.89 (s, 3 H), 2.30 (m, 8 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.85 (br. d, 1 H, J=9.4 Hz), 4.15 (dd, 1 H, J=10.8, 3.7 Hz), 4.24 (dd, 1 H, J=12.3, 4.6 Hz), 4.40 (d, 1 H, J=10.8), 4.65 (m, 4 H), 5.00 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.18 (m, 2 H), 5.46 (m, 2 H), 5.83 (m, 1 H), 6.60 (m, 2 H), 7.30 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (600 mg, 0.36 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (1.19 g, 18.2 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (160 mg, 0.4 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (124 mg, 0.50 mmol) to afford 371 mg (62%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (330 mg, 0.20 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (200 mg) to afford 120 mg (44%) of N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serinamide triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 187-189° C.; IR (film) 3419, 3286, 3220, 3098, 2955, 2922, 2852, 1732, 1680, 1662, 1644, 1559, 1467, 1247, 1167, 1107, 1080, 1051, 965, 913 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.89 (t, 18 H, J=7.0 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.07 (q, 6 H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (m, 1 H), 4.09 (dd, 1 H, J=10.8, 3.6 Hz), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 4.53 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.58 (m, 1 H), 5.13 (m, 3 H), 5.28 (m, 1 H), 7.53 (d, 1 H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.56 (d, 1 H, J=7.7 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.5, 173.2, 170.2, 169.8, 102.3, 75.7, 73.5, 71.3, 70.7, 70.1, 68.8, 60.8, 53.9, 51.7, 45.8, 41.5, 41.1, 39.1, 34.6, 34.5, 34.2, 32.0, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 25.7, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₇ H₁₆₇ N₄ O₁₈ P.H₂ O: C, 65.05; H, 10.60; N, 3.49; P, 1.93. Found: C, 65.06; H, 10.40; N, 3.31; P, 2.00.

EXAMPLE 27 (B26) Preparation of N-[(R)-3-Tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine Methyl Ester Triethylammoniun Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=q=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₇ ═R₉ ═H, R₆ ═CO₂ Me, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) A solution of the compound prepared in Example 12-(2) (0.290 g, 0.157 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was hydrogenated in the presence of 5% palladium on carbon (50 mg) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 3 h. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated. A solution of the residue in CHCl₃ (5 mL) at 0° C. was treated with a solution of diazomethane (0.5 mmol) in ether (5 mL) and then stirred for 30 min at 0C. AcOH (0.5 mL) was added and the resulting colorless solution was diluted with ether (50 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (25 mL), dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated. Flash chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution, 20→25% EtOAcs-hexanes) afforded 0.199 g (72%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichoro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine methyl ester as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.1-1.75 (m, 84 H), 1.81 and 1.89 (2s, 6 H), 2.36 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.25-2.6 (m, 6 H), 3.48 (q, 1 H, J=˜8 Hz), 3.7-3.9 (m, 5 H), 4.2-4.4 (m, 3 H), 4.6-4.85 (m, 4 H), 4.88 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 5.03-5.22 (m, 2 H), 5.49 (t, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 6.21 (br s, 1 H), 6.59 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 10 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (1) above (0.195 g, 0.111 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (0.36 g, 5.5 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.060 g, 0.13 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (0.041 g, 0.17 mmol) to give 0.138 g (69%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[(R)-4-O-diphenylphosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine methyl ester as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 126 H), 2.15-2.45 (m, 10 H), 2.52 (dd, 1 H, J=14.7, 6 Hz), 2.66 (dd, 1 H, J=14.7, 6 Hz), 3.35 (br s, 1 H), 3.4-3.8 (m, 7 H), 3.88 (dd, 1 H, J=11 Hz), 4.18 (dd, 1 H, J=11 Hz), 4.6-4.75 (m, 2 H), 5.03 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 5.1-5.25 (m, 3 H), 5.50 (t, 1 H, J=˜9.5 Hz), 6.50 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.97 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (2) above (0.100 g, 0.055 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (50 mg) to give 0.055 g (57%) of N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-O-[2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-L-serine methyl ester triethylammonium salt as a colorless solid: mp 142-143° C. (dec); IR (film) 3289, 2955, 2921, 2852, 1733, 1718, 1699, 1652, 1558, 1540, 1521, 1506, 1469, 1457, 1375, 1360, 1259 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.7 (m, 135 H), 2.2-2.7 (m, 12 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.5 Hz), 3.31 (d, 1 H, J=9.3 Hz), 3.37 (s, 1 H), 3.55-3.9 (m, 10 H), 3.97 (d, 1 H, J=12 Hz), 4.1-4.25 (m, 2 H), 4.55-4.65 (m, 2 H), 5.05-5.25 (m, 3 H), 7.23 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1 H, J=7.2 Hz); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.6, 173.4, 170.5, 170.4, 170.1, 100.7, 75.9, 72.8, 71.2, 70.8, 70.6, 68.5, 60.3, 55.3, 52.7, 52.4, 47.7, 41.5, 40.9, 39.7, 34.6, 34.5, 34.3. 32.0, 29.8, 29.4, 25.4, 25.1, 22.7, 14.2, 8.5.

Anal. Calcd for C₁₀₀ H₁₉₂ N₃ O₁₉ P.H₂ O: C, 67.11; H, 10.93; N, 2.35; P, 1.73. Found: C, 66.91; H, 10.93; N, 2.31; P, 2.11.

EXAMPLE 28 (B27) Preparation of N-(Carboxymethyl)-N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-aminoethyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phophono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₁₃ H₂₇ CO, X═Y═O, n=m=p=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₉ ═H, R₇ ═CO₂ H, q=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine t-butyl ester (0.25 g, 1.43 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.714 g, 1.57 mmol) in the presence of EDC-MeI (0.466 g, 1.57 mmol) to give 0.46 g (51%) of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]glycine t-butyl ester as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.15-1.7 (m, 51 H), 2.26 (t, 2 H, J=7.5 Hz), 2.60 (dd, 1 H, J=6.5, 15 Hz), 2.86 (dd, 1 H, J=6.7, 15 Hz), 3.40-4.15 (m, 7 H), 5.25 (m, 1 H).

(2) In the same mannner as described in 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (0.21 g, 0.334 mmol) and the compound prepared in Example 22-(2) (0.458 g, 0.368 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (0.688 g, 2.68 mmol) to give 0.39 g (64%) of N-(t-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-aminoethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.95 (m, 99 H), 2.1-2.6 (m, 7 H), 2.84 (dd, 1 H, J=5, 15 Hz), 3.2-4.15 (m, 8 H), 4.15-4.45 (m, 2 H), 4.55-4.9 (m, 3 H), 5.00 (d, 1 H, J=8 Hz), 5.13 (m, 2 H), 5.4-5.65 (m, 1 H), 6.16 (d, 1 H, J=7 Hz), 7.05-7.4 (m, 10 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (0.339 g, 0.185 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (0.36 g, 5.54 mmol) and then acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (0.100 g, 0.221 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (0.068 g, 0.276 mmol) to give 0.25 g (71%) of N-(t-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-aminoethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside as a colorless solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (0.25 g, 0.131 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of platinum oxide (125 mg) in 9:1 THF-AcOH (15 mL). The crude hydrogenolysis product was dissolved in CH₂ Cl₂ (1 mL), cooled to 0° C., and treated dropwise with TFA (0.5 mL). After stirring for 2 h at 0° C., the reaction mixture was concentrated and residual TFA was removed by azeotroping with toluene. The resulting residue (0.23 g) was dissolved in 1% aqueous triethylamine (12 mL) and lyophilized. Flash chromatography on silica gel with chloroform-methanol-water-triethylamine (91:8:0.5:0.5→85:15:0.5:0.5, gradient elution) and further purification by means of acidic extraction as described in Example 2-(8) and lyophilization from 1% aqueous triethylamine (6 mL) afforded 99 mg (43%) of N-(carboxymethyl)-N-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-2-aminoethyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O-[(R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as colorless solid: mp 162-163° C. (dec); IR (film) 3286, 2922, 2852, 1732, 1651, 1556, 1455, 1434, 1378, 1260, 1088, 801 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=˜6.5 Hz), 1.0-1.75 (m, 135 H), 2.2-3.0 (m, 14 H), 3.04 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.25-3.8 (m, 5 H), 3.85-4.3 (m, 5 H), 4.55 (d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 4.68 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz), 5.05-5.35 (m, 4 H).

Anal. Calcd for C₁₀₀ H₁₉₂ N₃ O₁₉ P.3 H₂ O: C, 65.79; H, 10.60; N, 2.30; P, 1.70. Found: C, 65.82; H, 10.44; N, 2.40; P, 1.79.

EXAMPLE 29 (B28) Preparation of N-Carboxymethyl-N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-3-aminopropyl 2-Deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside Triethylammonium Salt (Compound (I), R₁ ═R₂ ═R₃ =n-C₉ H₁₉ CO, X═Y═O, n=1, m=p=0, R₄ ═R₅ ═R₆ ═R₉ ═H, R₇ ═CO₂ H, q=1, R₈ ═PO₃ H₂).

(1) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(5), N-(3-hydroxypropyl)glycine benzyl ester (450 mg, 2.0 mmol) was acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (1.0 g, 2.5 mmol) in the presence of EDC.MeI (900 mg, 3.0 mmol) in CH₂ Cl₂ to afford 0.76 g (63%) of N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]glycine benzyl ester as a colorless oil: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) (1:1 mixture of rotomers) δ0.88 (t, 6 H, J=6.6 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 35 H), 1.78 (m, 1 H), 2.26 (q, 2 H, J=7.6 Hz), 2.37 and 2.54 (2 dd, 1 H, J=14.9, 6.9 Hz), 2.60 and 2.89 (2 dd, 1 H, J=14.8, 6.0 Hz), 3.51 (m, 4 H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.95-4.25 (m, 2 H), 5.1-5.25 (m, 3 H), 7.35 (m, 5 H).

(2) In the same manner as described in Example 13-(5), the compound prepared in (1) above (500 mg, 0.83 mmol), and the compound prepared in Example 15-(4) (1.0 g, 0.83 mmol) were coupled in the presence of AgOTf (1.07 g, 4.15 mmol) to afford 1.27 g (72%) of N-(benzyloxycarbonylmethyl)-N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-3-aminopropyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-6-O-(2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-β-D-glucopyranoside benzyl ester: ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) (2:1 mixture of rotomers) δ0.88 (t, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 69 H), 1.80 (s, 3 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H), 2.1-2.6 (m, 11 H), 2.81 (dd, 1 H, J=14.8, 6.2 Hz), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 2 H), 3.76 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (m, 1 H), 4.05 (m, 2 H), 4.28 (m, 3 H), 4.62 (m, 3 H), 4.77 (m, 1 H), 4.93 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.15 (m, 4 H), 5.46 and 5.61 (2 t, 1 H, J=9.5 Hz), 5.95 and 6.05 (2 d, 1 H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.1-7.4 (m, 15 H).

(3) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(7), the compound prepared in (2) above (1.25 g, 0.71 mmol) was deprotected with zinc (2.31 g, 3.53 mmol) and acylated with (R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (353 mg, 0.89 mmol) in the presence of EEDQ (264 mg, 1.07 mmol) to afford 670 mg (54%) of N-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-3-aminopropyl 2-deoxy-4-O-diphenylphosphono-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-β-D-glucopyranoside as an amorphous solid.

(4) In the same manner as described in Example 2-(8), the compound prepared in (3) above (670 mg, 0.38 mmol) was hydrogenated in the presence of palladium hydroxide on carbon (270 mg) and platinum oxide (200 mg) in EtOH/AcOH (10:1) to afford 240 mg (39%) of N-carboxymethyl-N-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-3-aminopropyl 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-2-[(R)-3-decanoyloxytetradecanoylamino])-3-O-[(R)-3-decanoyoxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside triethylammonium salt as a white powder: mp 156-157° C.; IR (film) 3284, 2929, 2853, 2729, 1732, 1655, 1628, 1551, 1466, 1378, 1314, 1164, 1108, 1047, 955, 844, 722 cm⁻¹ ; ¹ H NMR (CDCl₃ --CD₃ OD) δ0.88 (t, 18 H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.1-1.7 (m, 111 H), 2.27 (q, 6 H, J=6.2 Hz), 2.35-2.80 (m, 9 H), 3.05 (q, 6 H, J=7.2 Hz), 3.25-3.60 (m, 4 H), 3.75-4.10 (m, 4 H), 4.23 (m, 2 H), 4.47 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz), 4.61 (d, 1 H, J=8.3 Hz), 5.05-5.25 (m, 4 H); ¹³ C NMR (CDCl₃) δ173.4, 173.0, 171.1, 170.6, 170.3, 169.6, 100.5, 74.5, 73.9, 71.4, 71.2, 70.7, 70.2, 67.0, 65.8, 60.7, 54.6, 54.3, 51.4, 49.2, 46.0, 45.4, 42.1, 41.2, 39.4, 38.0, 37.7, 34.5, 34.3, 34.2, 31.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.2, 28.1, 25.4, 25.3, 25.1, 22.7, 14.1, 11.1, 8.6.

Anal. Calcd. for C₈₉ H₁₇₀ N₃ O₁₉ P.H₂ O: C, 65.37; H, 10.60; N, 2.57; P, 1.89. Found: C, 65.35; H, 10.42; N, 2.43; P, 2.05.

Test Example 1 Stimulation of Anti-tetanus Toxoid Antibody Production

The AGPs of the subject invention enhanced antibody production to purified tetanus toxoid in a murine model. Ten mg of each AGP sample was added to 1 ml of an oil-lecithin mixture containing squalene oil plus 12% lecithin. The mixtures were heated in a 56° C. water bath and sonicated to achieve clear solutions. Fifty (50) μl of each solution was emulsified by vortexing in 2 ml of sterile, pre-warmed 0.1% Tween 80 saline containing 1.0 μg tetanus toxoid antigen/ml. Preparations were vortexed again just prior to administration to mice. Female C57BL/6×DBA/2 F₁ mice (8 per group) were treated with 0.2 ml of the appropriate preparation distributed as a 0.1 ml subcutaneous injection into each flank. The final mouse dosage of the tetanus toxoid and AGP compounds was 0.2 μg and 50 μg, respectively. Control mice received tetanus toxoid in vehicle (oil-Tween saline). All mice were treated on day 0 followed by a second immunization on day 21. Fourteen days following the second immunization mice were bled and sera were isolated by centrifugation.

Serum samples from each mouse were evaluated for anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analysis using tetanus toxoid coated microtiter plates. Anti-tetanus antibody titers were evaluated for IgM, total Ig, as well as, IgG₁, IgG_(2a) and IgG_(2b) isotypes. Each serum sample was diluted 2-fold for eleven dilutions starting with an initial serum dilution of 1:200. Results are shown in Tables 2-4.

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody titers of treated mice.                               Total IgG                                                                              IgG.sub.1                                                                             IgG.sub.2a                                                                            IgG.sub.2b                                                                             IgM                                          Material                                                                           T/C*                                                                              Titer                                                                               T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                              T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                              T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                               T/C                                                                               Titer                                     __________________________________________________________________________     B11 3.6                                                                               23,200                                                                              1.86                                                                              400,000                                                                            2.06                                                                              10,450                                                                             0.93                                                                              26,800                                                                              4.75                                                                              7,600                                     B2  3.84                                                                              24,800                                                                              2.16                                                                              464,000                                                                            4.28                                                                              21,700                                                                             1.57                                                                              45,200                                                                              4.50                                                                              7,200                                     B1  3.97                                                                              25,600                                                                              3.42                                                                              736,000                                                                            3.78                                                                              19,200                                                                             2.45                                                                              70,400                                                                              2.38                                                                              3,800                                     B25 8.93                                                                              57,600                                                                              2.68                                                                              576,000                                                                            1.67                                                                               8,500                                                                             3.28                                                                              94,400                                                                              2.0                                                                               3,200                                     B21 4.71                                                                              30,400                                                                              2.23                                                                              480,000                                                                            5.83                                                                              29,600                                                                             6.07                                                                              174,400                                                                             5.50                                                                              8,800                                     B15 18.85                                                                             121,600                                                                             4.17                                                                              896,000                                                                            6.80                                                                              34,500                                                                             2.79                                                                              80,256                                                                              4.0                                                                               6,400                                     Vehicle                                                                                6,450  215,000                                                                                5,075 28,750  1,600                                     __________________________________________________________________________      *T/C Ratio = Experimental Test Titer ÷ Vehicle Control Titer.        

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                         Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody titers of treated mice.                           Material                                                                              T/C*   IgM      T/C  IgG.sub.2a                                                                            T/C   IgG.sub.2b                            ______________________________________                                         B12    3.1    4800     139.4                                                                               2370   149   9840                                  B16    1.6    2560     66.8 1135   104   6880                                  B13    3.9    6080     220  3740   >208  >13,760                               B11    3.3    5120     347  5900   127.3 8400                                  Vehicle                                                                               --     1760     --    25    --     98                                   ______________________________________                                          *T/C Ratio = Experimental Test Titers + Vehicle Control Titers           

                                      TABLE 4                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody titers of treated mice.                               Total Ig                                                                               IgM    IgG.sub.1                                                                             IgG.sub.2a                                                                             IgG.sub.2b                                   Material                                                                           T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                               T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                              T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                              T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                               T/C                                                                               Titer                                     __________________________________________________________________________     B26 10.5                                                                               2,490                                                                              1.1                                                                               600 16.9                                                                               25,200                                                                            29.3                                                                                440                                                                               42.6                                                                               2,260                                    B15 144.5                                                                             34,400                                                                              2.7                                                                               1,520                                                                              118.3                                                                             176,000                                                                            259.3                                                                             3,890                                                                               603.8                                                                             32,000                                    B22 60.0                                                                              19,050                                                                              0.8                                                                               440 18.4                                                                               27,400                                                                            345.8                                                                             5,187                                                                               59.6                                                                               3,160                                    B28 228.6                                                                             54,500                                                                              3.7                                                                               2,080                                                                              92.5                                                                              137,600                                                                            664.7                                                                             9,970                                                                               519.2                                                                             27,520                                    Vehicle                                                                                 238   560     1,488   15       53                                     __________________________________________________________________________      *T/C Ratio = Experimental Test Titer ÷ Vehicle Control Titer.        

Compounds of the subject invention showed a dose response when administered with tetanus toxoid. BFD1 (C57B1/6×DBA/2) female mice (8 per group) were immunized with 0.2 ml of emulsions containing AGP+0.2 μg of tetanus toxoid. A second immunization was administered 21 days post primary immunization. Each mouse was bled 21 days after the second injection. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

                                      TABLE 5                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Dose response of AGPs in mice immunized with tetanus toxoid.                        Total Ig                                                                               IgM    IgG.sub.1                                                                             IgG.sub.2a                                                                             IgG.sub.2b                                       T/C     T/C    T/C    T/C     T/C                                         Material                                                                            Ratio*                                                                             Titer                                                                              Ratio                                                                             Titer                                                                              Ratio                                                                             Titer                                                                              Ratio                                                                             Titer                                                                               Ratio                                                                             Titer                                    __________________________________________________________________________     B15 50 μg                                                                        3.3  7,000                                                                             13.4                                                                              37,600                                                                             4.1                                                                               26,300                                                                             150.0                                                                             11,225                                                                              3.2                                                                               2500                                     B15 25 μg                                                                        5.8 12,400                                                                             2.1                                                                                6,000                                                                             4.5                                                                               28,800                                                                             52.0                                                                              3900 7.0                                                                               5400                                     B15 10 μg                                                                        5.3 11,450                                                                             1.4                                                                                4,000                                                                             5.5                                                                               35,100                                                                             33.8                                                                              2538 9.9                                                                               7650                                     B27 50 μg                                                                        3.2  6,800                                                                             4.0                                                                               11,200                                                                             1.6                                                                               10,400                                                                             12.0                                                                               900 11.6                                                                              9,000                                    Vehicle    2150   2800   6350  75      775                                     __________________________________________________________________________      *T/C Ratio Experimental Test Titer ÷ Vehicle Control Titer.          

                                      TABLE 6                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Dose response of AGPs in mice immunized with tetanus toxoid.                        IgM   Total Ig                                                                               IgG.sub.1                                                                              IgG.sub.2a                                                                            IgG.sub.2b                                   Material                                                                            T/C*                                                                              Titer                                                                             T/C Titer                                                                              T/C Titer                                                                              T/C                                                                               Titer                                                                              T/C Titer                                    __________________________________________________________________________     B12 50 μg                                                                        5.43                                                                              869                                                                               368.55                                                                             47,543                                                                             141.22                                                                             259,429                                                                               nd  499.35                                                                             12,983                                   B12 25 μg                                                                        3.14                                                                              503                                                                               403.98                                                                             52,114                                                                             145.21                                                                             266,743                                                                            16.86                                                                             354 196.92                                                                             5,120                                    B12 10 μg                                                                        3.71                                                                              594                                                                               248.06                                                                             32,000                                                                             81.12                                                                              149,029                                                                            6.81                                                                              143 181.12                                                                             4,709                                    B12 5 μg                                                                         3.43                                                                              549                                                                               489.92                                                                             63,200                                                                             84.11                                                                              154,514                                                                            34.14                                                                             717 352.54                                                                             9,166                                    B12 1 μg                                                                         1.71                                                                              274                                                                               326.02                                                                             42,057                                                                             90.08                                                                              165,486                                                                            73.71                                                                             1,548                                                                              175.81                                                                             4,571                                    B15 50 μg                                                                        3.14                                                                              503                                                                               233.88                                                                             30,171                                                                             90.08                                                                              165,486                                                                            50.05                                                                             1,051                                                                              235.62                                                                             6,126                                    B15 25 μg                                                                        2.29                                                                              366                                                                               181.91                                                                             23,467                                                                             106.14                                                                             194,971                                                                            10.43                                                                             219 158.23                                                                             4,114                                    B15 10 μg                                                                        2.86                                                                              457                                                                               170.10                                                                             21,943                                                                             39.07                                                                               71,771                                                                            2.57                                                                               54 84.38                                                                              2,194                                    B1S 5 μg                                                                         1.71                                                                              274                                                                               248.06                                                                             32,000                                                                             103.15                                                                             189,486                                                                            3.00                                                                               63 210.88                                                                             5,483                                    B15 1 μg                                                                         1.57                                                                              251                                                                               166.56                                                                             21,486                                                                             72.04                                                                              132,343                                                                            7.62                                                                              160 114.27                                                                             2,971                                    Vehic1e 160      129     1837  21       26                                     __________________________________________________________________________      *T/C = Experimental Test Titer ÷ Vehicle Control Titer.                    nd  not done                                                             

Test Example 2 Stimulation of Antiovalbumin Antibody Production

BDF1 female mice (8 per group) were immunized with 0.2 ml of emulsions containing 50 μg of the AGPs+50 μg of ovalbumin. A second immunization was administered 21 days post primary. Each mouse was bled 14 days after the second injection. Antibody titers of immunized mice showing total IgG and IgM as well as titers for the subgroups of IgG including IgG₁, IgG_(2a) and IgG_(2b) are given in Table 7.

                  TABLE 7                                                          ______________________________________                                         Adjuvant activity in BDF1 mice immunized with ovalbumin.                       ______________________________________                                                    Total Ig           IgM                                              Material   T/C*   Titer       T/C  Titer                                       ______________________________________                                         B11        0.7    150         1.3  250                                         B2         2.5    563         0.9  175                                         B1         0.5    119         0.8  150                                         B25        1.9    438         0.8  150                                         B21        0.5    113         1.3  250                                         B15        4.1    925         2.3  438                                         B27        0.6    138         1.6  300                                         Vehicle    --     225         --   188                                         ______________________________________                                                  IgG1            IgG2a       IgG2b                                     Material T/C*   Titer    T/C  Titer  T/C  Titer                                ______________________________________                                         B11      1.6    2650     1.7  550    1.6  375                                  B2       5.0    8300     2.5  825    2.3  550                                  B1       0.5     763     0.2   56    0.8  188                                  B25      5.2    8500     0.5  163    5.0  1188                                 B21      0.6    1000     0.1   25    0.8  200                                  B15      0.6     950     0.3  113    16.7 3963                                 B27      0.8    1275     0.1   38    0.5  113                                  Vehicle  --     1650     --   325    --   238                                  ______________________________________                                          *T/C Ratio = Experimental Test Titer ÷ Vehicle Control Titer         

The AGP compounds of the subject invention when administered to a warm-blooded animal with the antigen ovalbumin stimulates the production of antibody to that antigen.

Test Example 3 Generation of a Protective Immune Response to Infectious Influenza

Mice vaccinated with formalin-inactivated influenza and the AGP compounds of the subject invention mounted a protective immune response to an influenza challenge as well as produced antibody to that antigen. Animals were vaccinated with the antigen and AGP compounds in various carriers. The degree of protection was determined by challenging the mice with intranasal (IN) admininstration of approximately 10 LD₅₀ infectious influenza A/HK/68. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. The number of mice surviving the challenge dose is a direct assessment of the efficacy of the vaccine. For the experiments provided this data does not necessarily correlate with the amount of antibody produced.

1) Vaccines were formulated in 0.2% triethanolamine (TEoA)/water solution containing: 1 hemagglutinating unit (HAU) of formalin-inactivated influenza A/HK/68 (FI-Flu), and 50 μg of AGP except the vehicle control vaccines which contained no AGP. ICR mice (10/group) were vaccinated 1 time only. The vaccines were administered by subcutaneous (SQ) injection of 0.1 ml/site at 2 distinct sites near the inguinal lymph nodes for a total of 0.2 ml of vaccine/mouse. Mice (only 5 mice/group) were bled from the orbital plexus 14 days following the vaccination. Sera was harvested and frozen at -20° C. until used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All mice were challenged 30 days post vaccination by intranasal (IN) administration of approximately 10 LD₅₀ infectious influenza A/HK/68. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. Anti-influenza antibody titers obtained from vaccinations with TEoA formulations and corresponding survival rates of mice vaccinated with this formulation are shown in Table 8.

                  TABLE 8                                                          ______________________________________                                         Anti-influenza antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                           Titer.sup.-1                                                     Material      Total IgG                                                                               Percent Survival                                        ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune     <100      0                                                      Vehicle       <100      0                                                      B9            6400     44                                                      B10           1600     40                                                      B7             200     33                                                      B3            1600     33                                                      B14           6400     44                                                      B15           6400     50                                                      ______________________________________                                    

2) Vaccines were formulated in 2% Squalene solution containing: 1 hemagglutinating unit (HAU) of formalin-inactivated influenza A/HK/68 (FI-Flu), and 25 μg of AGP except the saline and vehicle control vaccines which contained no AGP. BALB/c mice (10/group) were vaccinated 1 time only. The vaccines were administered by subcutaneous (SQ) injection of 0.1 ml/site at 2 distinct sites near the inguinal lymph nodes for a total of 0.2 ml of vaccine/mouse. Mice (only 5 mice/group) were bled from the orbital plexus 14 days following the vaccination. Sera was harvested and frozen at -20° C. until used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All mice were challenged 35 days post vaccination by intranasal (IN) administration of approximately 10 LD₅₀ infectious influenza A/HK/68. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. Anti-influenza antibody titers obtained from vaccinations with the squalene formulations as well as corresponding survival rates of vaccinated animals are shown in Table 9.

                  TABLE 9                                                          ______________________________________                                         Anti-influenza antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                     Titer.sup.-1           Percent                                         Material                                                                               Total IgG  IgG.sub.1                                                                             IgG.sub.2a                                                                             IgG.sub.2b                                                                          Survival                                ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune                                                                              <100       <100   <100    <100 0                                       Saline   800        100    800     100 62.5                                    Vehicle 1600       1600   1600    1600 100                                     B25     3200       1690   6400    1600 100                                     B15     1600       3200   3200     400 100                                     B9      1600       1600   3200     800 87.5                                    B10      400        400    400     400 62.5                                    B3      3200       3200   6400     890 87.5                                    B6       800        800    400    1600 75                                      B14     3200       6400   3200    6400 87.5                                    B28      800        400    400     100 50                                      ______________________________________                                    

3) The antibody titers and survival rate of vaccinated mice were compared after a primary then a secondary vaccination. Vaccines were formulated in 0.2% TEoA/water solution containing: 1 hemagglutinating unit of formalin-inactivated influenza A/HK/68, 25 μg AGP, except the vehicle control vaccine which contained no AGP. ICR mice (20/group) were administered vaccines by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml/site at 2 distinct sites near the inguinal lymph nodes for a total of 0.2 ml of vaccine/mouse. Each group was split into 2 subgroups 35 days after the primary vaccination. One of each subgroup was challenged at this time, the remaining subgroups received a secondary vaccination. Mice (only 5/subgroup) were bled from the orbital plexus 14 days following vaccination (primary or secondary). Sera was harvested and frozen at -20° C. until used for ELISA. Mice were challenged 35 post primary, or secondary, vaccination by intranasal administration of approximately 10 LD₅₀, or 40 LD₅₀, infectious influenza A/HK/68, respectively. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. Anti-influenza antibody titers and survival rates of mice post primary and post secondary vaccination are shown in Table 10. Antibody titers as well as survival rates of mice vaccinated a second time were higher.

                  TABLE 10                                                         ______________________________________                                         Antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                                     IgG Titer.sup.-1  Percent Survival                                    Material   post 1°                                                                         post 2°                                                                             post 1°                                                                       post 2°                            ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune   206      100        0     0                                        Vehicle     800    102,400     20    40                                        B9         6400    12,800      80    50                                        B10        1600    25,600      60    90                                        B7         3200    >102,400    60    60                                        B4          800    25,600      50    70                                        B3         3200    102,400     70    60                                        B5         1600    >102,400    60    90                                        B6         1600    102,400     80    70                                        B14         800    51,200      33    70                                        ______________________________________                                    

Test Example 4 The Effect of Fatty Acid Chain Length on Adjuvanticity

The effect of the length of fatty acid chains R₁ -R₃ on activity was tested. Vaccines were formulated in 0.2% TEoA/water solution containing: 1 hemagglutinating unit of formalin-inactivated influenza A/HK/68, and 25 μg of AGP, except the vehicle control vaccines which contained no AGP. ICR mice (10/group) were vaccinated 1 time only. The vaccines were administered by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml/site at 2 distinct sites near the inguinal lymph nodes for a total of 0.2 ml of vaccine/mouse. Mice (only 5 mice/group) were bled from the orbital plexus 14 days following the vaccination. Sera was harvested and frozen at -20° C. until used for ELISA. All mice were challenged 35 post vaccination by intranasal administration of approximately 10 LD₅₀ infectious influenza A/HK/68. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. The length of the fatty acid chain appears to mildly affect biological activity. Results are shown in Tables 11 and 12.

                  TABLE 11                                                         ______________________________________                                         Antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                            Chain       Titer.sup.-1         Percent                                       Material                                                                               Length  Total IgG                                                                               IgG.sub.1                                                                            IgG.sub.2a                                                                           IgG.sub.2b                                                                           Survival                            ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune                                                                              --      200      100   100   800    0                                  Vehicle --      200      100   100   200   11                                  B18      7      800      800   800   400   20                                  B17      8      6400     3200  3200  1600  40                                  B16      9      800      1600  100   800   40                                  B15     10      3200     200   3200  6400  70                                  B14     10      800      1660  100   400   30                                  B13     11      1600     800   400   800   50                                  B12     12      200      200   100   200    0                                  B11     14      1600     200   1600  400   30                                  ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 12                                                         ______________________________________                                         Antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                            Chain       Titer.sup.-1         Percent                                       Material                                                                               Length  Total IgG                                                                               IgG.sub.1                                                                            IgG.sub.2a                                                                           IgG.sub.2b                                                                           Survival                            ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune                                                                              --       100      100  50     800   0                                  Vehicle --       100      200  50     100  30                                  B8       7      6400     3200  400    1600 80                                  B7       9      3200     3200  100    1600 70                                  B5      10       800      200  50     400  44                                  B4      11      3200      400  100    1600 60                                  B3      12      1600     1600  50     800   0                                  B1      14      12,800   6400  1600  15600 40                                  ______________________________________                                    

Test Example 5 The Effect of Variations in the Carbon Chain Length Between the Heteroatom X and the Aglycon Nitrogen Atom on Adjuvanticity

The length of the carbon chain between X and the aglycon nitrogen atom was extended progressively by a single atom. The effect of lengthening the chain between these two components on adjuvanticity was explored. Vaccines were formulated in 0.2% TEoA/water solution containing: 1 hemagglutinating unit of formalin-inactivated influenza A/HK/68, and 25 μg of AGP, except the vehicle control vaccines which contained no AGP. ICR mice (10/group) were vaccinated 1 time only. The vaccines were administered by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml/site at 2 distinct sites near the inguinal lymph nodes for a total of 0.2 ml of vaccine/mouse. Mice (only 5 mice/group) were bled from the orbital plexus 14 days following the vaccination. Sera was harvested and frozen at -20° C. until used for ELISA. All mice were challenged 35 days post vaccination by intranasal administration of approximately 10 LD₅₀ infectious influenza A/HK/68. Mortality was assessed for 21 days following the challenge. Adjuvant activity appears to lessen as the length of the carbon chain between the heteroatom X and aglycon nitrogen atom increases. However, depending upon the residues attached to this carbon chain the biologic and metabolic stability of the molecules may be affected. Results are shown in Table 13.

                  TABLE 13                                                         ______________________________________                                         Antibody titers and survival rates of treated mice.                            Carbon      Titer.sup.-1         Percent                                       Material                                                                               Chain   Total IgG                                                                               IgG.sub.1                                                                            IgG.sub.2a                                                                           IgG.sub.2b                                                                           Survival                            ______________________________________                                         Nonimmune                                                                              --       <50     <50   <50   <50   0                                   Vehicle --       200     200    50   200   25                                  B19     2       12,800   100   800   6400  50                                  B21     3       6400     800   100   1600  40                                  B22     4       3200     100   3200  200   40                                  ______________________________________                                    

Test Example 6 Cytokine Induction by the AGP Compounds

The AGP compounds of the subject invention induced cytokines in human whole blood ex vivo culture assays. AGP compounds were solubilized in 10% EtOH-water and diluted to various concentrations. Fifty μl of each dilution were added to 450 μl of whole human blood. Controls were treated with culture media (RPMI). The reaction mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 4 hr with constant mixing on a rotator. Sterile PBS (1.5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, the cells were centrifuged and the supernatents removed for cytokine testing. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β in each supernatent was determined using immunoassay ELISA kits from R&D Systems. Results from these studies are shown in Tables 14-19.

                  TABLE 14                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokine secretion in an ex vivo assay.                                  Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (μg)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B26      20            498.90  33.25                                                    10            254.94  25.34                                                     5            75.62   9.89                                                      1            38.85   3.90                                            B2       20            1338.42 155.07                                                   10            817.67  114.41                                                    5            235.32  34.72                                                     1            105.52  14.53                                           RPMI     --            2       0                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 15                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokines in an ex vivo assay.                                           Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (ng/ml)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B16      10,000        291     55                                                       5000          277     53                                                       1000          155     39                                              B13      10,000        775     THTC*                                                    5,000         716     187                                                      1000          740     177                                             B9       10,000        449     96                                                       5000          247     84                                                       1000          145     53                                              B10      10,000        207     43                                                       5000          127     61                                                       1000           73     17                                              B7       10,000         83     16                                                       5000           57     14                                                       1000           26      6                                              RPMI     --             2       0                                              ______________________________________                                          *THTC-To high to Count                                                   

                  TABLE 16                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokines in an ex vivo assay.                                           Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (ng/ml)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B4       10,000        432     213                                                      5000          205     164                                                      1000           94     70                                              B3       10,000        567     269                                                      5000          390     342                                                      1000          189     204                                             B5       10,000        169     79                                                       5000          143     162                                                      1000           43     36                                              B6       10,000         94     52                                                       5000           59     29                                                       1000           30     13                                              B14      10,000        249     91                                                       5000          120     71                                                       1000           56     46                                              RPMI     --             2       0                                              ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 17                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokine secretion in an ex vivo assay.                                  Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (ng/ml)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B11      10,000        181     62.3                                                     5000          139     61.7                                                     1000          115     54.5                                                      500          125     55.8                                                      100          127     59.8                                            B13      10,000        583     282                                                      5000          592     390                                                      1000          478     327                                                       500          411     352                                                       100          302     261                                             B15      10,000        320     153                                                      5000          280     126                                                      1000          209     94.4                                                      500          183     104                                                       100          i33     51.6                                            B16      10,000        121     41.0                                                     5000          114     34.0                                                     1000           72     19.5                                                      500           55     17.1                                            B14      10,000        114     24.6                                                     5000           87     19.0                                                     1000           51     10.0                                                      500           49     19.9                                            RPMI     --             2      0                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 18                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokine secretion in an ex vivo assay.                                  Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (ng/ml)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B2       10,000        100     22.2                                                     5000          75      14.0                                                     1000          38      9.0                                                       500          28      8.3                                                       100          6.1     3.5                                             B1       10,000        20      10.0                                                     5000          11      5.5                                                      1000          2.8     4.0                                                       500          1.1     0                                                         100          0       0                                               B7       10,000        61      14.7                                                     5000          44      8.3                                                      1000          30      4.3                                                       500          27      3.8                                                       100          10      5.1                                             B4       10,000        232     66.9                                                     5000          173     66.5                                                     1000          130     32.0                                                      500          116     19.3                                                      100          89      65.2                                            B3       10,000        433     151.9                                                    5000          316     200.4                                                    1000          229     75.1                                                      500          212     67.9                                                      100          130     35.9                                            B5       10,000        142     24.1                                                     5000          99      23.0                                                     1000          96      10.5                                                      500          59      16.9                                                      100          33      5.4                                             RPMI     --            2       0                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 19                                                         ______________________________________                                         Stimulation of cytokine secretion in an ex vivo assay.                                  Dosage        TNF-α                                                                            IL-1β                                      Material (ng/ml)       (pg/ml) (pg/ml)                                         ______________________________________                                         B17      10,000        2.8     0                                                        5000          2.2     0                                                        1000          2.6     0.2                                             B8       10,000        2.8     0                                                        5000          0.7     0.5                                                      1000          1.5     0.1                                             B22      10,000        287     17                                                       5000          11      1.9                                                      1000          2.2     0.1                                             B28      10,000        198     13                                                       5000          197     13                                                       1000          139     8                                               B12      10,000        1017    135                                                      5000          957     153                                                      1000          863     175                                             RPMI     --            3.9     0                                               ______________________________________                                    

Test Example 7 Stimulation of a Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Response

The induction of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response after administration of the AGP compounds of the subject invention and a protein antigen was detected by a cytotoxicity assay. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were given a primary immunization subcutaneously (inguinal region) with 25 μg ovalbumin (OVA) formulated in AGP preparations. The injected volume was 200 μl. Twenty-one days later three mice per experimental group were killed and spleens removed and pooled as single cell suspensions and counted.

Spleen cells (75×10⁶ cells in 3-4 ml media) from the experimental groups were placed in a 25 cm² T-flask. Next, 1.0 ml of irradiated (20,000 rads) E.G7 (OVA) cells at 5×10⁶ /ml were added to the flask. The volume was brought to 10 ml. The cultures were maintained by placing the T-flasks upright in a 37° C., 5% CO₂ incubator for four days. On day 4 the surviving cells were recovered from the flasks, washed 1× in fresh media resuspended in 5.0 ml, and counted.

Recovered effector cells were adjusted to 5×10⁶ viable cells/ml and 100 μl volumes were diluted serially in triplicate in wells of 96 well round-bottom plates (Corning 25850) using 100 μl/well of media as a diluent. Next, 100 μl volumes of ⁵¹ Cr-labelled (see below) targets [E.G7 (OVA)-an ovalbumin gene transfected EL-4 cell line] at 1×10⁵ cells/ml were added to the wells. Spontaneous release (SR) wells contained 100 μl of targets and 100 μl of media. Maximal release (MR) wells contained 100 μl of targets and 100 μl detergent (2% Tween 20). Effector/target (E/T) ratios were 50:1, 25:1, 12.5:1. The plates were centrifuged at 400×g and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for 4 hr. After the incubation the well supernatants were collected using a Skatron Supernatant Collection System.

Percent specific lysis= ##EQU1##

Target cells, E.G7 (OVA), were labelled with ⁵¹ Cr (sodium chromate) as follows. In a total volume of 1.0 ml were mixed 5×10⁶ target cells and 250 μCi ⁵¹ Cr in 15 ml conical tube. The cell suspensions was incubated in a 37° C. water bath for 90 min., with gentle mixing every 15 min. After incubation the labelled cells were washed 3× by centrifugation and decanting with 15 ml volumes of media. After the third centrifugation the cells were resuspended in 10 ml of fresh media and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 min. and then centrifuged. The cells were finally resuspended in media at 1×10⁵ cells/ml.

Mice immunized according to the procedure above with the AGPs of the subject invention displayed a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to the OVA antigen as shown in Table 20.

                  TABLE 20                                                         ______________________________________                                         Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response of treated cells.                                      % Cytotoxicity                                                                 E:T                                                                    Material  50:1         25:1   12.5:1                                           ______________________________________                                         B11       14            8      5                                               B12       13            7      4                                               B13       28           15     10                                               B15       58           49     30                                               B16       42           29     20                                               B17       39           26     15                                               B18       36           20     15                                               B14       45           36     25                                               B28       28           15      9                                               B27       17            9      5                                               B1        34           24     15                                               B3        65           54     42                                               B4        72           66     60                                               B5        28           18     11                                               B7        57           44     29                                               B8        36           20     15                                               B10       65           56     38                                               B9        65           55     36                                               B6        54           41     37                                               B2        21           12      6                                               B25       65           55     43                                               B26       14            8      4                                               B22       58           42     31                                               B21       38           26     15                                               B19       59           42     33                                               B20       36           25     13                                               Vehicle Control                                                                          <10                                                                  ______________________________________                                    

It is understood that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention. Certain modifications of the compositions and/or methods employed may be made and still achieve the objectives of the invention. Such modifications are contemplated as within the scope of the claimed invention.

REFERENCES

Bulusu, M.A.R.C., Waldstatten, P., Hildebrandt, J., Schutze, E. and G. Schulz (1992) Cyclic Analogues of Lipid A: Synthesis and Biological Activities, J. Med. Chem. 35: 3463-3469.

Ikeda, K., Asahara, T. and K. Achiwa (1993) Synthesis of Biologically Active N-acylated L-serine-Containing Glucosamine-4-Phosphate Derivatives of Lipid A, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(10): 1879-1881.

Miyajima, K., Ikeda, K. and K. Achiwa (1996) Lipid A and Related Compounds XXXI. Synthesis of Biologically Active N-Acylated L-Serine-Containing D-Glucosamine 4-Phosphate Derivatives of Lipid A, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 44(12): 2268-2273.

Shimizu, T., Akiyama, S., Masuzawa, T., Yanagihara, Y., Nakamoto, S., Takahashi, T., Ikeda, K. and K. Achiwa (1985) Antitumor Activity and Biological Effects of Chemically Synthesized Monosaccharide Analogues of Lipid A in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33(10): 4621-4624.

Shimizu, T., Sugiyama, K., Iwamoto, Y., Yanagihara, Y., Asahara, T., Ikeda, K. and K. Achiwa (1994) Biological Activities of Chemically Synthesized N-acylated Serine-linked Lipid A Analog in Mice, Int. J. Immunopharmac., 16(8): 659-665.

Shimizu, T., Iida, K., Iwamoto, Y., Yanagihara, Y., Ryoyama, K., Asahara, T., Ikeda, K. and K. Achiwa (1995) Biological Activities and Antitumor Effects of Synthetic Lipid A Analogs Linked N-Acylated Serine, Int. J. Immunopharmac., 17(5): 425-431. 

We claim:
 1. A compound having the following structure: ##STR3## wherein, X is selected from the group consisting of O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of O and NH; n, m, p and q are integers from 0 to 6; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are the same or different and are normal fatty acyl residues having from about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; R₆ and R₇ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkoxy, phosphono, phosphonooxy, sulfo, sulfooxy, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, formyl, carboxy, and esters and amides thereof; and R₈ and R₉ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of phosphono and H, and at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phosphono.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₆ is carboxy.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 5. The compound of claim 2, wherein X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 8 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₆ is H.
 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein X is O; Y is O; n is 2; m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 9. The compound of claim 7, wherein X is O; Y is O; n is 1, m and p are 0; q is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is carboxy; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 10. The compound of claim 7, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 12. The compound of claim 7, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, p and q are 0; n is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbons; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₆ is hydroxy.
 14. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; and R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 15. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m and q are 0; n and p are 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 16. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 2; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 17. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 18. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 19. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 11 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 20. The compound of claim 13, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 21. The compound of claim 1, wherein X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₆ is amino carbonyl; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; and R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 22. A method for enhancing the immune response of a mammal, wherein said immune response is selected from the group consisting of enhancing the generation of antibody in immunized animals, stimulating the production of cytokines and stimulating a cell-mediated immune response, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound having the following structure: ##STR4## wherein, X is selected from the group consisting of O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of O and NH; n, m, p and q are integers from 0 to 6; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having from about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; R₆ and R₇ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkoxy, phosphono, phosphonooxy, sulfo, sulfooxy, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, formyl and carboxy, and esters and amides thereof; R₈ and R₉ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of phosphono and H, and at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phosphono.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein R₆ of said compound is carboxy.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 25. The method of claim 23, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 26. The method of claim 23, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 27. The method of claim 23, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 8 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₉ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 28. The method of claim 22, wherein R₆ of said compound is H.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 2; m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 30. The method of claim 28, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 1, m and p are 0; q is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is carboxy; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 31. The method of claim 28, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 32. The method of claim 28, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 33. The method of claim 28, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, p and q are 0; n is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbons; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 34. The method of claim 22, wherein R₆ of said compound is hydroxy.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; and R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 36. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m and q are 0; n and p are 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 37. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 2; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 38. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 39. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 40. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 11 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 41. The method of claim 34, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 42. The method of claim 22, wherein said compound has the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₆ is amino carbonyl; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 43. A vaccine composition comprising a compound having the following structure: ##STR5## wherein, X is selected from the group consisting of O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of O and NH; n, m, p and q are integers from 0 to 6; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are the same or different and are normal fatty acyl residues having from about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; R₆ and R₇ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkoxy, phosphono, phosphonooxy, sulfo, sulfooxy, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, formyl and carboxy, and esters and amides thereof; R₈ and R₉ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of phosphono and H, and at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phosphono, an antigen and a suitable carrier.
 44. The composition of claim 43, wherein said composition comprises said compound where R₆ is carboxy.
 45. The composition of claim 44, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 46. The composition of claim 44, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 47. The composition of claim 44, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 48. The composition of claim 44, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 8 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 49. The composition of claim 43, wherein said composition comprises said compound where R₆ is H.
 50. The composition of claim 49, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 2; m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 51. The composition of claim 49, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 1, m and p are 0; q is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is carboxy; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 52. The composition of claim 49, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 53. The composition of claim 49, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 54. The composition of claim 49, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, p and q are 0; n is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbons; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 55. The composition of claim 43, wherein composition comprises said compound where R₆ is hydroxy.
 56. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; and R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 57. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m and q are 0; n and p are 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 58. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 2; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 59. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 60. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 61. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 11 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 62. The composition of claim 55, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 63. The composition of claim 43, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₆ is amino carbonyl; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 64. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound having the following structure: ##STR6## wherein, X is selected from the group consisting of O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of O and NH; n, m, p and q are integers from 0 to 6; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having from about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and methyl; R₆ and R₇ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, alkoxy, phosphono, phosphonooxy, sulfo, sulfooxy, amino, mercapto, cyano, nitro, formyl and carboxy, and esters and amides thereof; R₈ and R₉ are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of phosphono and H, and at least one of R₈ and R₉ is phosphono, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 65. The composition of claim 64, wherein said composition comprises said compound where R₆ is carboxy.
 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 67. The composition of claim 65, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 68. The composition of claim 65, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 69. The composition of claim 65, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n, m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 8 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 70. The composition of claim 64, wherein said composition comprises said compound where R₆ is H.
 71. The composition of claim 70, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 2; m, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 72. The composition of claim 70, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; n is 1, m and p are 0; q is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is carboxy; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 73. The composition of claim 70, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅, and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 74. The composition of claim 70, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 75. The composition of claim 70, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, p and q are 0; n is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbons; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 76. The composition of claim 64, wherein said composition comprises said compound where R₆ is hydroxy.
 77. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 12 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; and R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 78. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m and q are 0; n and p are 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 79. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 2; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 80. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration.
 81. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 14 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 82. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 11 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 83. The composition of claim 76, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n and q are 0; p is 1; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄, R₅ and R₇ are H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration.
 84. The composition of claim 64, wherein said composition comprises said compound having the following structure: X is O; Y is O; m, n, p and q are 0; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are normal fatty acyl residues having 10 carbon atoms; R₄ and R₅ are H; R₆ is amino carbonyl; R₇ is H; R₈ is phosphono; R₉ is H; R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each attached to a stereogenic center having an R configuration; and R₅ is attached to a stereogenic center having an S configuration. 